State-enforced curtailment of mobility – through social distancing and national or subnational lockdowns – has become a key tool to reduce COVID-19 transmission. Panama instituted a sex-segregated mobility policy to limit people’s circulation whereby women were allowed to leave the home for essential services on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday; and men on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. Through a retrospective analysis of Global Positioning System (GPS) data, this paper presents an overview of aggregate mobility patterns in Panama following the policy implementation. The paper looks at relative mobility for women and men, examining differences by volume and type of movement. The results identify lower visits to all community location categories on women-mobility days; however, we find no statistically significant difference in aggregate mobility to workplaces. The results discuss the implications of these findings and the ethical questions raised regarding the use of sex and gender identity in COVID-19 policies.

HIGHLIGHTS

• Google mobility data provide a novel opportunity to examine population movement during lockdowns.

• Panamanian men appear less strict than women with stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 lockdown.

• Lockdown policies may restrict women’s public participation.

• Public domestic activities may hold new value and inform household bargaining during COVID-19.

• Policies based on government-indicated sex reproduce inequalities for non-binary individuals.

通过社会隔离和国家或国家以下的封锁，由国家强制性限制的出行已经成为减少COVID-19传播的关键工具。巴拿马制定了按性别隔离的出行政策，以限制人们的出行，从而使妇女在星期一，星期三和星期五可以离开家园进行基本服务；和男人在星期二，星期四和星期六。通过对全球定位系统（GPS）数据的回顾性分析，本文概述了政策实施后巴拿马的总体流动模式。这篇论文着眼于男女的相对移动性，研究了运动量和运动类型的差异。结果表明在妇女出行日对所有社区地点类别的访问量较低；然而，我们发现总体流动到工作场所没有统计学上的显着差异。结果讨论了这些发现的含义以及有关在COVID-19政策中使用性别和性别认同的道德问题。

强调

• Google的流动性数据为检查锁定期间的人口流动提供了新的机会。

• 在COVID-19锁定期间，巴拿马男子似乎不像在家待命的女子那样严格。

• 封锁政策可能会限制妇女的公众参与。

• 家庭内部公共活动可能具有新的价值，并在COVID-19期间通知家庭讨价还价。

• 基于政府指示的性别的政策会复制非二进制个人的不平等现象。