Although solitude has been portrayed as a potentially constructive domain in adolescence, time alone has been consistently associated with socio-emotional maladjustment. To address this discrepancy, we explored how adolescents spend their time alone and the links between solitary activities and adjustment outcomes. Adolescents (N = 869, 68% female, M_age = 16.14 ± .50) completed self-report measures assessing time alone, solitary activities, and indices of adjustment. Latent class analysis revealed three distinct groups based on solitary activities: Passive Media (53.3%), Engaged (i.e., constructive activities; 31.7%), and Thinking (15%). Differences also emerged among these three groups in terms of time alone, negative affect, and loneliness. Implications for the role of solitude in adolescent well-being are discussed.

中文翻译：

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独处的时间过得好吗？以人为本的青少年独处活动分析

尽管独处被描述为青春期潜在的建设性领域，但独处时间一直与社会情绪失调有关。为了解决这种差异，我们探讨了青少年如何独处，以及独处活动与调整结果之间的联系。青少年 ( N  = 869, 68% 女性, M_年龄 = 16.14 ± .50) 完成了评估独处时间、单独活动和适应指数的自我报告措施。潜在类别分析揭示了基于单独活动的三个不同组：被动媒体（53.3%）、参与（即建设性活动；31.7%）和思考（15%）。这三组在独处时间、负面情绪和孤独感方面也出现了差异。讨论了孤独在青少年幸福感中的作用。