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Who chooses a pSTEM academic major? Using social psychology to predict selection and persistence over the freshman year
Journal of Applied Social Psychology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 , DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12749
Erin McPherson 1 , Bernadette Park 1
Affiliation  

Many social psychological variables, in addition to knowledge‐based factors such as academic preparedness, have been investigated individually as sources of the persistent gender gap in pSTEM (physical science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields. The present work tested all of these factors simultaneously and longitudinally, in a sample drawn from an incoming freshman class measured at three timepoints over the course of their first year. One thousand nine hundred and twenty‐nine students completed a survey with items assessing eleven social psychological constructs and were asked for permission to obtain institutional data regarding their academic preparedness and choice of academic major before matriculation, after the first semester, and at the end of freshman year. These social psychological and academic variables were used to predict pSTEM major status. Across multiple timepoints, and over and above academic preparedness, greater Math and Science Self‐Efficacy, rejection of the stereotype that scientist careers are unsociable in nature, having a pSTEM role model in high school, and lower endorsement of communal goals were consistently related to the selection of a pSTEM major. Students who endorsed entity theories of math and science abilities were also less likely to select a pSTEM over life and social sciences major. As a set, the factors accounted for roughly half of the gender difference in pSTEM major selection. Interventions aimed at reducing the gender gap in pSTEM major selection might do well to focus on these more psychological factors as well as academic ones.

中文翻译:

谁选择pSTEM学术专业?利用社会心理学来预测新生一年的选择和坚持

除基于知识的因素(例如学业准备等)外,许多社会心理变量已作为pSTEM(物理科学,技术,工程和数学)领域中持续存在的性别鸿沟的来源进行了单独调查。本研究从新生一年级的第一年中的三个时间点测得的样本中,同时并纵向地测试了所有这些因素。192名学生完成了一项调查,其中包括评估11种社会心理构造的项目,并被要求获得许可,以获取有关入学之前,第一学期之后和大学预科课程结束时其学业准备和学术专业选择的机构数据。一年级。这些社会心理和学术变量用于预测pSTEM的主要状态。在多个时间点上,除学术准备外,更高的数学和科学自我效能感,对科学家职业本质上不友好的刻板印象的拒绝,在高中时期拥有pSTEM榜样,以及对公共目标的较低认可一直与选择pSTEM专业。赞成数学和科学能力的实体理论的学生也不太可能选择生命科学和社会科学专业的pSTEM。总体而言,这些因素约占pSTEM专业选择中性别差异的一半。旨在减少pSTEM专业选择中的性别差异的干预措施可能会更好地集中于这些心理因素以及学术因素。在多个时间点上,除学术准备外,更高的数学和科学自我效能感,对科学家职业本质上不友好的刻板印象的拒绝,在高中时期拥有pSTEM榜样,以及对公共目标的较低认可一直与选择pSTEM专业。赞成数学和科学能力的实体理论的学生也不太可能选择生命科学和社会科学专业的pSTEM。总体而言,这些因素约占pSTEM专业选择中性别差异的一半。旨在减少pSTEM专业选择中的性别差异的干预措施可能会更好地集中于这些心理因素以及学术因素。在多个时间点上,除学术准备外,更高的数学和科学自我效能感,对科学家职业本质上不友好的刻板印象的拒绝,在高中时期拥有pSTEM榜样,以及对公共目标的较低认可一直与选择pSTEM专业。赞成数学和科学能力的实体理论的学生也不太可能选择生命科学和社会科学专业的pSTEM。总体而言,这些因素约占pSTEM专业选择中性别差异的一半。旨在减少pSTEM专业选择中的性别差异的干预措施可能会更好地集中于这些心理因素以及学术因素。拒绝刻板印象,即科学家的职业本质上是不善交际的,在高中拥有pSTEM榜样,对公共目标的较低认可与选择pSTEM专业始终相关。赞成数学和科学能力的实体理论的学生也不太可能选择生命科学和社会科学专业的pSTEM。总体而言,这些因素约占pSTEM专业选择中性别差异的一半。旨在减少pSTEM专业选择中的性别差异的干预措施可能会更好地集中于这些心理因素以及学术因素。拒绝刻板印象,即科学家的职业本质上是不善交际的,在高中拥有pSTEM榜样,对公共目标的较低认可与选择pSTEM专业始终相关。赞成数学和科学能力的实体理论的学生也不太可能选择生命科学和社会科学专业的pSTEM。总体而言,这些因素约占pSTEM专业选择中性别差异的一半。旨在减少pSTEM专业选择中的性别差异的干预措施可能会更好地集中于这些心理因素以及学术因素。赞成数学和科学能力的实体理论的学生也不太可能选择生命科学和社会科学专业的pSTEM。总体而言,这些因素约占pSTEM专业选择中性别差异的一半。旨在减少pSTEM专业选择中的性别差异的干预措施可能会更好地集中于这些心理因素以及学术因素。赞成数学和科学能力的实体理论的学生也不太可能选择生命科学和社会科学专业的pSTEM。总体而言,这些因素约占pSTEM专业选择中性别差异的一半。旨在减少pSTEM专业选择中的性别差异的干预措施可能会更好地集中于这些心理因素以及学术因素。
更新日期:2021-04-19
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