Climate change has taken an increasingly important space in the development agenda. However, whether most countries can meet the challenge of mitigating climate change while simultaneously ensuring growth and poverty reduction remains debatable. This research contributes to the growing literature at the intersection of environment sustainability and economic/industrial development by identifying three dimensions of Green Industrial Policy (GIP), which rely on different approaches to mitigate climate change. Those three dimensions are (i) the consumption-centred dimension; (ii) the firm-level sustainability dimension, and (iii) the productionist innovation-driven dimension. This paper then applies this green industrial policy framework and examines the implications of pursuing different levels of GIP by drawing on a country case study (Ecuador). Two main findings arise from this study. First, a greener consumption is necessary but can hardly be achieved without industrial policies to stimulate green manufacturing and low-carbon innovation. Green industrial policy, therefore, has a central role to play in the structural transformation towards a low-carbon future. Second, a holistic and complementary approach is needed across the three dimensions of green industrial policy to ensure a coherent and developmental transition towards a low-carbon economy.

气候变化已在发展议程中占据了越来越重要的空间。但是，大多数国家是否能够应对缓解气候变化的挑战，同时确保增长和减贫仍然有待商bat。这项研究通过确定绿色工业政策（GIP）的三个方面，这些方面依赖于不同的方法来缓解气候变化，从而为环境可持续性与经济/工业发展的交叉点上不断增长的文献做出了贡献。这三个维度是：（i）以消费为中心的维度；（ii）企业层面的可持续发展维度，以及（iii）生产者创新驱动的维度。然后，本文将运用这一绿色产业政策框架，并通过一个国家案例研究（厄瓜多尔）来考察追求不同水平的GIP的含义。这项研究得出两个主要发现。首先，绿色消费是必要的，但是如果没有产业政策来刺激绿色制造和低碳创新，这几乎是不可能实现的。因此，绿色工业政策在朝着低碳未来的结构转型中起着核心作用。其次，需要在绿色产业政策的三个维度上采取整体和互补的方法，以确保向低碳经济的连贯和发展过渡。