Objectives

Mindfulness has been shown to have beneficial effects with regard to improving well-being and lowering levels of distress. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) has identified facets reflecting distinct mindfulness capacities, but it is not known yet to what extent they contribute individually to important outcomes such as well-being and distress. This study aimed to identify the most relevant facets and their unique contributions to distress and well-being to potentially enhance mindfulness-based interventions targeting these outcomes.

Methods

The present study assessed dispositional mindfulness, well-being and psychological distress in a sample of young adults (n = 239) and analyzed the differential contributions of mindfulness facets to distress and well-being outcome variables using stepwise multiple linear regression analyses.

Results

Individual differences in well-being and distress levels were best explained by different facets of mindfulness. The Nonreacting facet was the strongest contributor to well-being explaining 25% of variance in well-being scores, and after accounting for its contribution, Describing was the second largest contributor explaining additional 9%. In contrast, Acting with awareness was the strongest inverse contributor to distress explaining 20% variance and after controlling for it, Nonreacting explained merely 7% of additional differences in distress scores. After accounting for these main contributors, other facets explained only negligible amount of variance or were non-significant contributors.

Conclusions

The present study indicates that different capacities contribute differentially to well-being and distress. These findings may be useful for enhancing effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions by tailoring practices to target well-being or psychological distress.

中文翻译：

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正念五个方面对幸福感和心理困扰的不同贡献

目标

正念被证明对改善幸福感和降低痛苦水平具有有益的作用。五方面正念调查问卷（FFMQ）已确定反映了不同正念能力的各个方面，但尚不清楚它们分别在多大程度上对诸如幸福感和痛苦等重要结果做出了贡献。这项研究旨在确定最相关的方面及其对困扰和福祉的独特贡献，以潜在地增强针对这些结果的基于正念的干预措施。

方法

本研究评估了年轻人（n = 239）样本中的性格正念，幸福感和心理困扰，并使用逐步多元线性回归分析分析了正念面对窘迫和幸福感结果变量的不同贡献。

结果

用正念的不同方面来最好地解释幸福感和苦恼水平上的个体差异。非反应性方面对幸福感的贡献最大，可以解释幸福感得分差异的25％，考虑到其贡献后，描述是第二大贡献者，可以解释额外的9％。相比之下，有意识地行动是造成困境的最强逆向因素，解释了20％的差异，而在控制了这种差异之后，未反应的行为仅解释了困境分数中其他差异的7％。在考虑了这些主要贡献者之后，其他方面仅解释了可以忽略不计的差异量，或者是无关紧要的贡献者。

结论

本研究表明，不同的能力对幸福感和苦恼的贡献不同。这些发现可能通过针对性健康或心理困扰的量身定制的实践，对于提高基于正念的干预措施的有效性可能是有用的。