We investigate gender differences across multiple dimensions after 3 months of the first UK lockdown of March 2020, using an online sample of approximately 1,500 Prolific respondents’ residents in the UK. We find that women's mental health was worse than men along the four metrics we collected data on, that women were more concerned about getting and spreading the virus, and that women perceived the virus as more prevalent and lethal than men did. Women were also more likely to expect a new lockdown or virus outbreak by the end of 2020, and were more pessimistic about the contemporaneous and future state of the UK economy, as measured by their forecasted contemporaneous and future unemployment rates. We also show that between earlier in 2020 before the outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic and June 2020, women had increased childcare and housework more than men. Neither the gender gaps in COVID-19-related health and economic concerns nor the gender gaps in the increase in hours of childcare and housework can be accounted for by a rich set of control variables. Instead, we find that the gender gap in mental health can be partially accounted for by the difference in COVID-19-related health concerns between men and women.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 时代的性别不平等：来自英国多产参与者的证据

在 2020 年 3 月英国首次封锁 3 个月后，我们使用了大约 1,500 名英国多产受访居民的在线样本，调查了多个维度的性别差异。我们发现，根据我们收集的数据的四个指标，女性的心理健康状况比男性差，女性更担心感染和传播病毒，女性认为这种病毒比男性更普遍、更致命。女性也更有可能预计到 2020 年底会出现新的封锁或病毒爆发，并且对英国经济的同期和未来状况更为悲观，这可以通过她们预测的同期和未来失业率来衡量。我们还表明，在 2020 年初冠状病毒大流行爆发之前到 2020 年 6 月之间，女性比男性增加了更多的育儿和家务劳动。一组丰富的控制变量既不能解释与 COVID-19 相关的健康和经济问题的性别差距，也不能解释儿童保育和家务时间增加方面的性别差距。相反，我们发现心理健康方面的性别差距可以部分归因于男性和女性之间与 COVID-19 相关的健康问题的差异。