The dynamical diffraction Talbot effect takes place inside a crystal, when a periodic object is illuminated by a plane or spherical X‐ray wave which then falls on the crystal at an angle close to the Bragg angle for some reflection. Both theoretical consideration and numerical calculations show that the dynamical diffraction Talbot effect also takes place behind the crystal. The effect is accompanied by the dynamical diffraction pendulum effect and wave focusing. Expressions are found for the dynamical diffraction Talbot distance for areas before and after focusing. The spatial Fourier spectrum of the periodic object is obtained on the focusing plane. Detailed analysis when the periodic object is illuminated by a plane wave has shown new features of this effect. The dynamical diffraction Talbot effect in free space can be used to determine the structure of a periodic object, to determine the structure of an arbitrary object placed before or after the periodic object, and to determine structural defects and deformations of the crystal.

中文翻译：

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自由空间中晶体背后的X射线动态衍射Talbot效应

当周期性物体被平面或球形X射线波照射后，动态衍射Talbot效应在晶体内部发生，然后该平面或球形X射线波以接近布拉格角的角度落在晶体上进行反射。理论考虑和数值计算都表明，动态衍射塔尔伯特效应也发生在晶体后面。该效应伴随有动态衍射摆效应和波聚焦。发现了聚焦前后区域的动态衍射Talbot距离的表达式。在聚焦平面上获得周期性物体的空间傅立叶光谱。平面波照射周期性物体时的详细分析显示了这种效果的新特征。