Chemically Engineered Immune Cell‐Derived Microrobots and Biomimetic Nanoparticles: Emerging Biodiagnostic and Therapeutic Tools,Advanced Science

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Chemically Engineered Immune Cell‐Derived Microrobots and Biomimetic Nanoparticles: Emerging Biodiagnostic and Therapeutic Tools
Advanced Science ( IF 14.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 , DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002499
Leila Pourtalebi Jahromi _{1,

2,

3} , Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi _{1,

4} , Aziz Maleki ₄ , Amir Azadi _{2,

5} , Hélder A Santos _{1,

6}

Affiliation

Over the past decades, considerable attention has been dedicated to the exploitation of diverse immune cells as therapeutic and/or diagnostic cell‐based microrobots for hard‐to‐treat disorders. To date, a plethora of therapeutics based on alive immune cells, surface‐engineered immune cells, immunocytes’ cell membranes, leukocyte‐derived extracellular vesicles or exosomes, and artificial immune cells have been investigated and a few have been introduced into the market. These systems take advantage of the unique characteristics and functions of immune cells, including their presence in circulating blood and various tissues, complex crosstalk properties, high affinity to different self and foreign markers, unique potential of their on‐demand navigation and activity, production of a variety of chemokines/cytokines, as well as being cytotoxic in particular conditions. Here, the latest progress in the development of engineered therapeutics and diagnostics inspired by immune cells to ameliorate cancer, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular complications, and infectious diseases is reviewed, and finally, the perspective for their clinical application is delineated.

中文翻译：

化学工程免疫细胞衍生的微型机器人和仿生纳米颗粒：新兴的生物诊断和治疗工具

在过去的几十年里，人们对利用多种免疫细胞作为基于细胞的微型机器人来治疗和/或诊断难以治疗的疾病给予了相当多的关注。迄今为止，人们已经研究了大量基于活免疫细胞、表面工程免疫细胞、免疫细胞细胞膜、白细胞源性细胞外囊泡或外泌体以及人工免疫细胞的疗法，其中一些已被引入市场。这些系统利用免疫细胞的独特特征和功能，包括它们在循环血液和各种组织中的存在、复杂的串扰特性、对不同自身和外来标记的高亲和力、其按需导航和活动的独特潜力、产生多种趋化因子/细胞因子，并且在特定条件下具有细胞毒性。本文综述了受免疫细胞启发的工程化治疗和诊断开发的最新进展，以改善癌症、炎症、自身免疫性疾病、神经退行性疾病、心血管并发症和传染病，最后概述了其临床应用的前景。

更新日期：2021-04-22

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