This paper presents a brief description of the role of interfacial energies in the understanding and control of nanocrystalline complex oxides in both particulate and bulk forms. Interfacial energies are fundamental parameters in microstructural evolution processes such as phase transformation, grain growth, and sintering. Although generally considered constant driving forces, experimental evidences confirm the possibility of intentional modification of both surface and grain boundary energies in oxide systems via ionic doping. This opened the perspective for a systematic understanding of their roles as refining parameters in microstructural control during processing and in operation. In this work, the theoretical framework in the context of Gibbs adsorption isotherm and the formation of dopant excess (i.e. interfacial solute segregation) is introduced in a similar manner as formalized for liquid systems. A collection of data demonstrating interfacial energy control in oxides is presented and discussed in terms of microstructural relationships with specific examples. The data advocates for a paradigm shift on nanocrystalline processing control from a traditionally kinetically oriented perspective to a more balanced viewpoint in which thermodynamics can play a governing role, especially at moderate temperatures. The work is not an extensive review, but rather has the goal of introducing the reader to this growing research topic.

本文简要介绍了界面能在理解和控制颗粒状和块状纳米晶复合氧化物中的作用。界面能是微结构演化过程中的基本参数，例如相变，晶粒生长和烧结。尽管通常被认为是恒定的驱动力，但是实验证据证实了通过离子掺杂有意改变氧化物系统中表面和晶界能的可能性。这为系统了解它们在加工和操作过程中作为微结构控制中的精炼参数的作用打开了前景。在这项工作中，在吉布斯吸附等温线和过量掺杂物的形成（即 界面溶质分离）的方式与液体系统的形式相似。呈现并讨论了氧化物中界面能控制的数据收集，并通过微观结构关系与具体示例进行了讨论。数据提倡将纳米晶体加工控制的范式从传统的动力学取向转变为更加平衡的观点，在该观点中，热力学可以起主导作用，尤其是在中等温度下。这项工作不是一个广泛的综述，而是旨在向读者介绍这个不断发展的研究主题。数据提倡将纳米晶体加工控制的范式从传统的动力学取向转变为更加平衡的观点，在该观点中，热力学可以起主导作用，尤其是在中等温度下。这项工作不是一个广泛的综述，而是旨在向读者介绍这个不断发展的研究主题。数据提倡将纳米晶体加工控制的范式从传统的动力学取向转变为更加平衡的观点，在该观点中，热力学可以起主导作用，尤其是在中等温度下。这项工作不是一个广泛的综述，而是旨在向读者介绍这个不断发展的研究主题。