Liner shipping plays a major role for freight transportation and international seaborne trade. The economic development of different countries is significantly dependent on the movement of a containerized cargo. One of the most challenging decision problems, tackled by liner shipping companies, is the design of vessel schedules. At the vessel scheduling stage, the liner shipping company aims to determine vessel sailing speeds at voyage legs of a given liner shipping route, port times, vessel handling rates at ports, the minimum number of vessels required in order to provide the agreed service frequency at ports, and other factors. Considering the existing pollution levels, the environmental impacts of liner shipping have to be captured in the vessel scheduling models as well. This study conducts a comprehensive survey of the existing research on vessel scheduling in liner shipping. The collected vessel scheduling studies are classified into different categories, including general vessel scheduling, uncertainty in liner shipping operations, collaborative agreements, vessel schedule recovery, and green liner shipping. Based on a detailed analysis of the collected literature, findings are discussed, and limitations in the state-of-the-art are identified for each category of studies. The study concludes with a number of future research opportunities, taking into account the recent developments and trends in liner shipping.

班轮运输在货运和国际海运贸易中发挥着重要作用。不同国家的经济发展在很大程度上取决于集装箱货物的运输。班轮运输公司解决的最具挑战性的决策问题之一是船期表的设计。在船舶调度阶段，班轮运输公司的目标是确定给定班轮运输路线的航程中的船舶航行速度，港口时间，港口的船舶装卸率，提供商定服务频率所需的最小船舶数量。端口等因素。考虑到现有的污染水平，班轮运输对环境的影响也必须在船舶调度模型中加以考虑。这项研究对班轮运输中船舶调度的现有研究进行了全面的调查。收集的船舶调度研究分为不同的类别，包括一般船舶调度，班轮运输业务的不确定性，合作协议，船舶时间表恢复和绿色班轮运输。在对收集到的文献进行详细分析的基础上，对发现进行了讨论，并针对每种研究类别确定了最新技术的局限性。该研究在总结了班轮运输的最新发展和趋势的基础上，提供了许多未来的研究机会。合作协议，船舶时间表恢复和绿色班轮运输。在对收集到的文献进行详细分析的基础上，对发现进行了讨论，并针对每种研究类别确定了最新技术的局限性。该研究在总结了班轮运输的最新发展和趋势的基础上，提供了许多未来的研究机会。合作协议，船舶时间表恢复和绿色班轮运输。在对收集到的文献进行详细分析的基础上，对发现进行了讨论，并针对每种研究类别确定了最新技术的局限性。该研究在总结了班轮运输的最新发展和趋势的基础上，提供了许多未来的研究机会。