ABSTRACT Archaeologists typically associate resource intensification with population expansion, environmental change, and political strategizing. Many Late Woodland and Mississippian societies of the Southeast eschewed dietary diversity in favor of harvesting fewer types of resources that could meet the subsistence demands of incipient aggregation. Foods such as maize and shellfish can provide humans with predictable caloric yields and are amenable to control by individuals or corporate groups. However, some archaeologists have identified scenarios in which small-scale societies intensified resources in the absence of population growth and social inequality. Ritual economies can periodically place high demands on the materials used for gatherings and ceremonies. These events then may leave material residues of economic intensification, which archaeologists might easily mistake as evidence for population expansion or social evolution. We use diversity and equitability estimates of zooarchaeological deposits from Crystal River (8CI1) and Roberts Island (8CI41), Florida, to demonstrate that some Woodland period societies periodically intensified their use of resources amidst population decline and heightened ritual activity. We suggest that the inhabitants of the area harvested shellfish at increasingly high rates to provide the material basis for a series of ritual interventions that aimed to circumvent the effects of rapid social and ecological change.

中文翻译：

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重新审视集约化：评估佛罗里达州水晶河 (8CI1) 和罗伯茨岛 (8CI41) 的资源专业化

摘要 考古学家通常将资源集约化与人口扩张、环境变化和政治战略联系起来。东南部的许多晚林地和密西西比社会避免了饮食多样性，而倾向于收获较少类型的资源，以满足初期聚集的生存需求。玉米和贝类等食物可以为人类提供可预测的热量产量，并且易于由个人或公司团体控制。然而，一些考古学家已经确定了在没有人口增长和社会不平等的情况下小规模社会集约化资源的情景。仪式经济会周期性地对用于聚会和仪式的材料提出高要求。这些事件可能会留下经济集约化的物质残余，考古学家很容易将其误认为是人口扩张或社会进化的证据。我们使用来自佛罗里达州水晶河 (8CI1) 和罗伯茨岛 (8CI41) 的动物考古沉积物的多样性和公平性估计，以证明一些林地时期社会在人口下降和仪式活动加剧的情况下定期加强对资源的利用。我们建议该地区的居民以越来越高的速度捕捞贝类，为一系列旨在规避快速社会和生态变化影响的仪式干预提供物质基础。证明一些林地时期的社会在人口下降和仪式活动加剧的情况下定期加强对资源的利用。我们建议该地区的居民以越来越高的速度捕捞贝类，为一系列旨在规避快速社会和生态变化影响的仪式干预提供物质基础。证明一些林地时期的社会在人口下降和仪式活动增加的情况下定期加强对资源的利用。我们建议该地区的居民以越来越高的速度捕捞贝类，为一系列旨在规避快速社会和生态变化影响的仪式干预提供物质基础。