ABSTRACT Open riverbanks and disturbed floodplains are targeted by archaeologists as optimal habitats for the growth of many of the weedy indigenous seed crops in eastern North America, but there is still little evidence for garden locations in the archaeological record. This article combines macrobotanical and geoarchaeological analyses from the Birdwell site (40GN228), located on the Nolichucky River, to give insight into where cultigens were planted and how they were managed in eastern Tennessee during the Early Woodland period. The recovery of uncharacteristic amounts of edible seeds and wood charcoal from the lower terrace of this site suggests that inhabitants were actively managing cultigens along the floodplain of this settlement. The presence of these remains in a non-midden context is evidence that precontact farmers in the Tennessee foothills took advantage of the newly created floodplains of the Early Woodland by implementing a burning regime, an early agricultural strategy aimed at increasing soil productivity and encouraging the growth of weedy annuals on the riverbank. In absence of lines of evidence such as preserved paleosols that can be examined for soil micromorphology, pollen, and phytoliths, integrated paleoethnobotanical and geomorphological analyses can be used to reconstruct land use and archaeologically identify prehistoric cultivated fields.

中文翻译：

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早期林地的粮食生产：大型植物遗迹作为田纳西州东部河岸沿线农业的证据

摘要 开放的河岸和受干扰的泛滥平原被考古学家视为北美东部许多杂草本地种子作物生长的最佳栖息地，但考古记录中仍然没有关于花园位置的证据。本文结合了位于 Nolicuchucky 河上的 Birdwell 遗址 (40GN228) 的大型植物学和地质考古学分析，以深入了解早期林地时期田纳西州东部种植的栽培品种及其管理方式。从该地点较低的阶地回收了异常数量的可食用种子和木炭，这表明居民正在积极管理该定居点漫滩沿线的耕种。这些遗迹在非中间环境中的存在证明田纳西州山麓的农民通过实施燃烧制度，利用早期林地新形成的洪泛区，这是一项旨在提高土壤生产力和鼓励生长的早期农业战略河岸上杂草丛生的一年生植物。在缺乏可检查土壤微形态、花粉和植硅体的保存古土壤等证据的情况下，综合古民族植物学和地貌学分析可用于重建土地利用和考古学识别史前耕地。一项旨在提高土壤生产力和鼓励河岸杂草一年生植物生长的早期农业战略。在缺乏可检查土壤微形态、花粉和植硅体的保存古土壤等证据的情况下，综合古民族植物学和地貌学分析可用于重建土地利用和考古学识别史前耕地。一项旨在提高土壤生产力和鼓励河岸一年生杂草生长的早期农业战略。在缺乏可检查土壤微形态、花粉和植硅体的保存古土壤等证据的情况下，综合古民族植物学和地貌学分析可用于重建土地利用和考古学识别史前耕地。