ABSTRACT Since 2000, Gawad Kalinga (GK) has emerged as a prominent player in promoting diaspora-driven strategies for social and economic development in the Philippines. GK has its roots as the social ministry of a Catholic lay organization that started by providing housing and youth programmes for the urban poor, but in recent years, it has moved towards a more secular model of fostering social entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, a distinctly moral imperative still underpins GK’s work, both in soliciting donations and volunteerism, and in selecting and supporting its development beneficiaries. A significant portion of GK’s funds, and volunteer labour, comes from the Filipino diaspora. This paper raises questions concerning the model of social and economic development that GK represents. In particular, we examine the drawbacks of private charitable involvement in the execution of state responsibilities such as social housing and poverty alleviation; and we ask what forms of moral subjectivity are created and populated in this model of development and how does it select, socialize and discipline beneficiaries? More broadly, this paper argues that the GK case addresses some of the promises and pitfalls of diaspora-driven development visions.

中文翻译：

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侨民与国家以外的发展：菲律宾 Gawad Kalinga 的案例

摘要 自 2000 年以来，Gawad Kalinga (GK) 已成为促进菲律宾社会和经济发展侨民驱动战略的重要参与者。GK 起源于一个天主教平信徒组织的社会部，该组织最初为城市贫民提供住房和青年计划，但近年来，它已转向更世俗的社会创业模式。尽管如此，在募捐和志愿服务以及选择和支持其发展受益者方面，明确的道德要求仍然是 GK 工作的基础。GK 的大部分资金和志愿者劳动力来自菲律宾侨民。本文提出了关于 GK 所代表的社会和经济发展模式的问题。特别是，我们研究了私人慈善参与履行社会住房和扶贫等国家责任的弊端；我们会问，在这种发展模式中创造和填充了哪些形式的道德主体性，以及它如何选择、社会化和约束受益者？更广泛地说，本文认为 GK 案例解决了侨民驱动的发展愿景的一些承诺和陷阱。