ABSTRACT The last couple of decades have seen a considerable increase in the number of studies that have examined the risk/need factors of individuals under correctional supervision and the validity of risk assessments that stemmed from RNR model. Empirical research has examined these factors with populations of different gender, ethnicity, and offense type. However, few articles to date have studied the risk/need factors of individuals that are under correctional supervision for engaging in white-collar crime. The current article discusses the empirical findings of the Benson & Harbinson (current issue), Goulette (current issue), and Ruhland & Selzer (current issue), three articles that have explored the risk/need factors of individuals involved in white-collar offenses, and gender differences in these same populations. Findings from the articles point out that individuals involved in white-collar crime display lower average risk scores than individuals engaging in common offenses. While the risk/need factors among white-collar and general offense populations appear similar, results show that individuals engaging in white-collar crime could exhibit risk/needs differently from general crime populations. Additionally, the findings from the current three articles do not seem to offer support for the gendered pathways to crime approach. The current article discusses how these empirical findings related to the RNR model of correctional supervision and offers directions for future research.

中文翻译：

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性别与白领犯罪–矫正研究与实践的意义

摘要在过去的几十年中，检查矫正监督下的个体的风险/需要因素以及源于RNR模型的风险评估的有效性的研究数量大大增加。实证研究检查了这些因素与不同性别，种族和犯罪类型的人群之间的关系。但是，迄今为止，几乎没有文章研究了在白领犯罪中受到惩戒监督的个人的风险/需要因素。本文讨论了Benson＆Harbinson（当前问题），Goulette（当前问题）和Ruhland＆Selzer（当前问题）的经验发现，其中三篇文章探讨了参与白领犯罪的个人的风险/需求因素，以及这些相同人群中的性别差异。文章中的发现指出，参与白领犯罪的人比从事普通犯罪的人显示出较低的平均风险得分。尽管白领人群和一般犯罪人群中的风险/需求因素看起来相似，但结果表明，从事白领犯罪的人所表现出的风险/需求与普通犯罪人群的风险/需求不同。此外，当前三篇文章的调查结果似乎并未为犯罪方法的性别途径提供支持。本文讨论了这些经验发现与矫正监督的RNR模型之间的关系，并为今后的研究提供了方向。尽管白领人群和一般犯罪人群中的风险/需求因素看起来相似，但结果表明，从事白领犯罪的人所表现出的风险/需求与普通犯罪人群的风险/需求不同。此外，当前三篇文章的调查结果似乎并未为犯罪方法的性别途径提供支持。本文讨论了这些经验发现与矫正监督的RNR模型之间的关系，并为今后的研究提供了方向。尽管白领人群和一般犯罪人群中的风险/需求因素看起来相似，但结果表明，从事白领犯罪的人所表现出的风险/需求与普通犯罪人群的风险/需求不同。此外，当前三篇文章的调查结果似乎并未为犯罪方法的性别途径提供支持。本文讨论了这些经验发现与矫正监督的RNR模型之间的关系，并为今后的研究提供了方向。