ABSTRACT An increase in correctional treatment programming options coupled with prison population reduction legislation has driven a widespread transfer of supervision from prisons to community corrections. As a result, medium-to-high risk offenders with substance use needs are increasingly managed through community-based supervision programs such as intensive supervision probation (ISP). ISP programs frequently rely on different types of graduated sanctions to encourage program completion. To further develop research on how graduated sanctions should be applied in response to substance-use-related violations, this study examines whether enhanced treatment sanctions (a rehabilitative approach) and jail sanctions (a punitive approach) may differentially impact successful ISP completion. Using a sample of persons who committed a substance use violation while on ISP, results from multilevel models demonstrate that enhanced treatment sanctions are significantly associated with increased odds of successful ISP completion. On the other hand, jail is not significant, and enhanced treatment and jail do not interact to influence ISP program success. Due to the deleterious nature of the jail environment, findings call into question the utility of jail sanctions on ISP outcomes. Overall, enhanced treatment may be a preferable means through which to sanction probationers and parolees who commit substance-use-related violations while under community supervision.

中文翻译：

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应对与药物使用相关的缓刑和假释：加强治疗制裁是否比监狱制裁更可取？

摘要矫正治疗方案选择的增加以及减少监狱人口的立法，已导致监督从监狱向社区矫正的广泛转移。结果，越来越需要通过基于社区的监督计划（如强化监督缓刑（ISP））来管理有物质使用需求的中高风险罪犯。ISP程序经常依靠不同类型的分级制裁来鼓励程序完成。为了进一步开展有关应对与毒品使用相关的违规行为应如何采用分级制裁的研究，本研究研究了加强制裁措施（一种康复方法）和监狱制裁措施（一种惩罚性方法）是否可能对成功完成ISP产生不同的影响。使用在ISP期间违反药物使用行为的人员的样本，多级模型的结果表明，加强治疗制裁与成功完成ISP的几率显着相关。另一方面，监禁并不重要，增强的待遇和监禁不会影响ISP程序的成功。由于监狱环境的有害性质，调查结果质疑了监狱制裁对ISP结果的效用。总体而言，加强治疗可能是制裁在社区监督下犯有与药物使用有关的违法行为的缓刑犯和假释者的一种较可取的手段。另一方面，监禁并不重要，增强的待遇和监禁不会影响ISP程序的成功。由于监狱环境的有害性质，调查结果质疑了监狱制裁对ISP结果的效用。总体而言，加强治疗可能是制裁在社区监督下犯有与药物使用有关的违法行为的缓刑犯和假释者的一种较可取的手段。另一方面，监禁并不重要，增强的待遇和监禁不会影响ISP程序的成功。由于监狱环境的有害性质，调查结果质疑了监狱制裁对ISP结果的效用。总体而言，加强治疗可能是制裁在社区监督下犯有与药物使用有关的违法行为的缓刑犯和假释者的一种较可取的手段。