One of the most important megalithic groups in Western Europe in terms of number and characteristics is the group of over 200 monuments of various types in Sardinia. It now seems to be confirmed that the rise of the megalithic phenomenon was during the culture of San Michele of Ozieri (Late Neolithic, 4000-3300 B.C.E.). The Sardinian dolmen graves, however, had a maximum distribution during the Chalcolithic, as evidenced by most of the finds from excavations. The phenomenon also shows a close relationship beyond Sardinia and especially with the monuments of Catalonia, Pyrenees, non-coastal departments of French-midi, Corsica and Puglia. About 90 dolmen graves of various types have been investigated, namely the simple type, “corridor” type, “allée couverte” type, and others of uncertain attribution, located in central-western Sardinia, and particularly in a significant area of ca. 3500 km 2 coinciding with the historical regions of Marghine-Planargia, Middle Valley of Tirso and Montiferru. This includes some 40% of all Sardinian dolmens. Locational trends and relationships with regard to landscape elements were studied with the aid of GIS methodologies such as viewshed and cost surface analysis. This allowed an evaluation of the role of visual dominance on the surroundings in relation to waterways and natural access routes. These dolmens enjoy an isolated positional character, being found more often in high plateaus, but also on low plateaus and hills. Although different concentrations are found in dolmenic graves, these do not seem to have any direct relationship among them, but their influence is apparently directed towards travel routes and sensitive elements of the landscape that have capabilities of territorial demarcation. The particular location emphasizes the significance of these monuments as territorial markers for segmentary societies. It seems that a dolmen was constructed according to the territory immediately surrounding it. This reinforces the hypothesis of there being a secondary task, in addition to that of burial, to symbolize a message or landmark for those who moved towards "another" territory: a sign of belonging.

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基于GIS的撒丁岛（意大利）巨石墓地景观分析

就数量和特征而言，西欧最重要的巨石集团之一是撒丁岛的200多种不同类型的古迹。现在似乎可以肯定的是，巨石现象的兴起是在Ozieri的圣米歇尔文化时期（新石器时代晚期，公元前4000-3300年）。然而，撒勒第纳尔石器时代的撒丁岛石窟墓穴分布最大，这一点在挖掘过程中得到了很多发现。这种现象还显示出撒丁岛以外地区的密切关系，特别是与加泰罗尼亚，比利牛斯山脉，法属迷笛，科西嘉岛和普利亚大区的非沿海部门的遗迹。位于撒丁岛中西部的大约90个各种类型的石门坟墓已被调查，分别是简单型，“走廊”型，“Alléecouverte”型以及其他属性不明的坟墓，尤其是在大约一个很大的区域 3500 km 2与Marghine-Planargia，Tirso中谷和Montiferru的历史区域重合。这包括所有撒丁岛都尔门的40％。借助诸如视域和成本表面分析之类的GIS方法，研究了与景观要素有关的位置趋势和关系。这样就可以评估视觉优势在周围环境中与水路和自然通道有关的作用。这些都尔门享有孤立的位置特征，在高原上以及高原和丘陵地区都比较常见。尽管在石窟中发现了不同的浓度，但它们之间似乎没有任何直接关系，但是它们的影响力显然是针对具有领土划界能力的旅行路线和景观的敏感元素。特定位置强调了这些纪念碑作为分段社会的地标性标志的重要性。似乎是根据紧邻它的领土建造了一个石棺。这就强化了这样的假设，即除了埋葬任务外，还有第二项任务是为那些朝着“另一个”领土迁移的人们传达信息或标志：归属感。