Purpose

Security is the most important issue in Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart cities and blockchain (BC). So, the present paper aims to detect and organize the literature regarding security in the IoT-based smart cities and BC context. It also proposes an agenda for future research. Therefore, the authors did a statistical review of security in IoT and BC in smart cities. The present investigation aims to determine the principal challenges and disturbances in IoT because of the BC adoption, the central BC applications in IoT-based smart cities and the BC future in IoT-based smart cities.

Design/methodology/approach

IoT) has a notable influence on modernizing and transforming the society and industry for knowledge digitizing. Therefore, it may be perceived and operated in real time. The IoT is undergoing exponential development in industry and investigation. Still, it contains some security and privacy susceptibilities. Naturally, the research community pays attention to the security and privacy of the IoT. Also, the academic community has put a significant focus on BC as a new security project. In the present paper, the significant mechanisms and investigations in BC ground have been checked out systematically because of the significance of security in the IoT and BC in smart cities. Electronic databases were used to search for keywords. Totally, based on different filters, 131 papers have been gained, and 17 related articles have been obtained and analyzed. The security mechanisms of BC in IoT-based smart cities have been ranked into three main categories as follows, smart health care, smart home and smart agriculture.

Findings

The findings showed that BC’s distinctive technical aspects might impressively find a solution for privacy and security problems encountering the IoT-based smart cities development. They also supply distributed storage, transparency, trust and other IoT support to form a valid, impressive and secure distributed IoT network and provide a beneficial guarantee for IoT-based smart city users’ security and privacy.

Research limitations/implications

The present investigation aims to be comprehensive, but some restrictions were also observed. Owing to the use of some filters for selecting the original papers, some complete works may be excluded. Besides, inspecting the total investigations on the security topic in BC and the IoT-based smart cities is infeasible. Albeit, the authors attempt to introduce a complete inspection of the security challenges in BC and the IoT-based smart cities. BC includes significant progress and innovation in the IoT-based smart cities’ security domain as new technology. Still, it contains some deficiencies as well. Investigators actively encounter the challenges and bring up persistent innovation and inspection of related technologies in the vision of the issues available in diverse application scenarios.

Practical implications

The use of BC technology in finding a solution for the security issues of the IoT-based smart cities is a research hotspot. There is numerable literature with data and theoretical support despite the suggestion of numerous relevant opinions. Therefore, this paper offers insights into how findings may guide practitioners and researchers in developing appropriate security systems dependent upon the features of IoT-based smart city systems and BC. This paper may also stimulate further investigation on the challenge of security in BC and IoT-based smart cities. The outcomes will be of great value for scholars and may supply sights into future investigation grounds in the present field.

Originality/value

As the authors state according to their knowledge, it is the first work using security challenges on BC and IoT-based smart cities. The literature review shows that few papers discuss how solving security issues in the IoT-based smart cities can benefit from the BC. The investigation suggests a literature review on the topic, recommending some thoughts on using security tools in the IoT-based smart cities. The present investigation helps organizations plan to integrate IoT and BC to detect the areas to focus. It also assists in better resource planning for the successful execution of smart technologies in their supply chains.

中文翻译：

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基于物联网的智慧城市中区块链安全挑战的系统文献综述

目的

安全是基于物联网 (IoT) 的智慧城市和区块链 (BC) 中最重要的问题。因此，本文旨在检测和组织有关基于物联网的智慧城市和 BC 环境中的安全性的文献。它还提出了未来研究的议程。因此，作者对智慧城市中的物联网和 BC 的安全性进行了统计审查。目前的调查旨在确定物联网由于采用 BC 而带来的主要挑战和干扰、基于物联网的智能城市中的中心 BC 应用以及基于物联网的智能城市中的 BC 未来。

设计/方法/方法

IoT) 对知识数字化的社会和行业的现代化和转型具有显着影响。因此，它可以被实时感知和操作。物联网正在行业和调查中呈指数级发展。尽管如此，它仍然包含一些安全和隐私敏感性。自然，研究界关注物联网的安全和隐私。此外，学术界已将 BC 作为一个新的安全项目。在本文中，由于物联网和 BC 在智慧城市中的安全性的重要性，系统检查了 BC 地面的重要机制和调查。使用电子数据库来搜索关键字。基于不同的过滤器，总共获得了131篇论文，并获得并分析了17篇相关文章。

发现

研究结果表明，BC 独特的技术方面可能会令人印象深刻地找到解决基于物联网的智慧城市发展遇到的隐私和安全问题的方法。它们还提供分布式存储、透明、信任等物联网支持，形成有效、令人印象深刻、安全的分布式物联网网络，为基于物联网的智慧城市用户的安全和隐私提供有益保障。

研究限制/影响

目前的调查旨在全面，但也观察到一些限制。由于使用了一些过滤器来选择原始论文，一些完整的作品可能会被排除在外。此外，检查BC和基于物联网的智慧城市的安全主题的总体调查是不可行的。尽管如此，作者试图对不列颠哥伦比亚省和基于物联网的智慧城市的安全挑战进行全面检查。BC 将基于物联网的智慧城市安全领域的重大进步和创新作为新技术包括在内。尽管如此，它也包含一些不足之处。研究人员针对不同应用场景中存在的问题，积极迎接挑战，提出对相关技术的持续创新和检验。

实际影响

利用 BC 技术为基于物联网的智慧城市的安全问题寻找解决方案是一个研究热点。尽管提出了许多相关意见，但仍有大量具有数据和理论支持的文献。因此，本文提供了有关研究结果如何指导从业者和研究人员根据基于物联网的智慧城市系统和 BC 的特征开发适当的安全系统的见解。本文还可能激发对 BC 和基于物联网的智慧城市中安全挑战的进一步调查。研究结果将对学者具有重要价值，并可能为当前领域的未来调查提供视野。

原创性/价值

正如作者根据他们的知识所说，这是在 BC 和基于物联网的智慧城市中使用安全挑战的第一项工作。文献综述表明，很少有论文讨论解决基于物联网的智慧城市中的安全问题如何从 BC 中受益。调查建议对该主题进行文献综述，并提出一些关于在基于物联网的智慧城市中使用安全工具的想法。目前的调查有助于组织计划整合物联网和 BC 以检测需要关注的领域。它还有助于更好地进行资源规划，以在其供应链中成功实施智能技术。