SUMMARY The Eastern Mediterranean is the most seismically active region in Europe due to the complex interactions of the Arabian, African, and Eurasian tectonic plates. Deformation is achieved by faulting in the brittle crust, distributed flow in the viscoelastic lower-crust and mantle, and Hellenic subduction, but the long-term partitioning of these mechanisms is still unknown. We exploit an extensive suite of geodetic observations to build a kinematic model connecting strike-slip deformation, extension, subduction, and shear localization across Anatolia and the Aegean Sea by mapping the distribution of slip and strain accumulation on major active geological structures. We find that tectonic escape is facilitated by a plate-boundary-like, trans-lithospheric shear zone extending from the Gulf of Evia to the Turkish-Iranian Plateau that underlies the surface trace of the North Anatolian Fault. Additional deformation in Anatolia is taken up by a series of smaller-scale conjugate shear zones that reach the upper mantle, the largest of which is located beneath the East Anatolian Fault. Rapid north–south extension in the western part of the system, driven primarily by Hellenic Trench retreat, is accommodated by rotation and broadening of the North Anatolian mantle shear zone from the Sea of Marmara across the north Aegean Sea, and by a system of distributed transform faults and rifts including the rapidly extending Gulf of Corinth in central Greece and the active grabens of western Turkey. Africa–Eurasia convergence along the Hellenic Arc occurs at a median rate of 49.8 mm yr–1 in a largely trench-normal direction except near eastern Crete where variably oriented slip on the megathrust coincides with mixed-mode and strike-slip deformation in the overlying accretionary wedge near the Ptolemy–Pliny–Strabo trenches. Our kinematic model illustrates the competing roles the North Anatolian mantle shear zone, Hellenic Trench, overlying mantle wedge, and active crustal faults play in accommodating tectonic indentation, slab rollback and associated Aegean extension. Viscoelastic flow in the lower crust and upper mantle dominate the surface velocity field across much of Anatolia and a clear transition to megathrust-related slab pull occurs in western Turkey, the Aegean Sea and Greece. Crustal scale faults and the Hellenic wedge contribute only a minor amount to the large-scale, regional pattern of Eastern Mediterranean interseismic surface deformation.

中文翻译：

---

连接爱琴海和安纳托利亚的俯冲、伸展和剪切定位

总结 由于阿拉伯、非洲和欧亚构造板块的复杂相互作用，东地中海是欧洲地震最活跃的地区。变形是通过脆性地壳的断裂、粘弹性下地壳和地幔的分布流动以及希腊俯冲来实现的，但这些机制的长期划分仍然未知。我们利用一套广泛的大地观测，通过绘制主要活动地质结构上的滑移和应变累积分布图，建立一个连接安纳托利亚和爱琴海的走滑变形、伸展、俯冲和剪切定位的运动学模型。我们发现构造逃逸是由类似板块边界的，从埃维亚湾延伸到土耳其-伊朗高原的跨岩石圈剪切带，位于北安纳托利亚断层的地表迹线之下。安纳托利亚的额外变形被一系列到达上地幔的较小规模的共轭剪切带所占据，其中最大的位于东安纳托利亚断层下方。该系统西部的快速南北延伸，主要由希腊海沟撤退驱动，受到从马尔马拉海穿过北爱琴海的北安纳托利亚地幔剪切带的旋转和加宽以及分布改造断层和裂谷，包括希腊中部迅速延伸的科林斯湾和土耳其西部的活跃地堑。非洲-欧亚大陆沿希腊弧的汇合发生率中位数为 49。8 mm yr-1 在很大程度上沿沟槽法线方向，除了在克里特岛东部附近，巨型逆冲断层上的可变方向滑动与 Ptolemy-Pliny-Strabo 沟槽附近上覆增生楔中的混合模式和走滑变形相吻合。我们的运动学模型说明了北安纳托利亚地幔剪切带、希腊海沟、上覆地幔楔和活动地壳断层在适应构造压痕、板片回滚和相关的爱琴海伸展方面所起的竞争作用。下地壳和上地幔中的粘弹性流在安纳托利亚大部分地区的地表速度场中占主导地位，并且在土耳其西部、爱琴海和希腊发生了向大逆冲相关板块拉动的明显转变。地壳尺度断层和希腊楔形对大尺度的贡献很小，