The effects of in-channel wet-pit mining is nowadays widely discussed in terms of negative influence of the created pits on the river ecosystem and fluvial processes. The pits induce an alteration of natural flow or sediment transport. This paper describes the post-mining channel recovery observed in a relatively short time in a gravelly sand bed lowland river. The study was based on repeated bathymetry of the channel and grain size analyses of bed material taken from the mining area and its surrounding upstream and downstream pit. We also use calculations of possible bedload sediment movement in the studied river reach. We noticed that the excavation pit exceeded the maximum depth of 8.8 m in 2014 and, immediately after the end of mining, the bedload started to infill the pit. The bathymetric measurements in 2019 indicated that the process of pit infill was completed after five years, though the former pit is refilled with material finer than the natural bedload observed in the discussed river reach, and consists mainly of sand. The studied process of pit infilling runs continuously, even during the annual average water stages.

中文翻译：

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河道内开采后河床快速恢复：以波兰维斯杜拉河为例

如今，就已形成的矿坑对河流生态系统和河流过程的负面影响而言，广泛讨论了河道内湿矿开采的影响。矿坑会引起自然流量或泥沙输送的变化。本文描述了在砾石沙床低地河流中在相对较短的时间内观察到的采后河道恢复情况。该研究基于对矿区及其周围的上游和下游矿坑的床层材料进行的航道重复测深和粒度分析。我们还使用计算得出的河床中可能的底泥沙运动的计算方法。我们注意到，2014年开挖坑超过了最大深度8.8 m，采矿结束后，基岩立即开始填充该坑。2019年的水深测量表明，尽管前坑被重新填充的物料比讨论的河段中观测到的自然床荷细，但该坑的填充过程在五年后完成。研究的坑填充过程连续进行，即使在每年的平均水期也是如此。