Wastewater treatment is a very energy-intensive process. The growing population, increased demands for energy and water, and rising pollution levels caused by fossil-fuel-based energy generation, warrants the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. This research explored the energy consumption offset of a satellite water reuse plant (WRP) by using solar photovoltaics (PVs) and anaerobic digestion. The analysis was performed for two types of WRPs: conventional (conventional activated sludge system (CAS) bioreactor with secondary clarifiers and dual media filtration) and advanced (bioreactor with membrane filtration (MBR)) treatment satellite WRPs. The associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were also evaluated. For conventional treatment, it was found that 28% and 31.1% of the WRP’s total energy consumption and for advanced treatment, 14.7% and 5.9% of the WRP’s total energy consumption could be generated by anaerobic digestion and solar PVs, respectively. When both energy-generating units are incorporated in the satellite WRPs, MBR WRPs were on average 1.86 times more energy intensive than CAS WRPs, translating to a cost savings in electricity of $7.4/1000 m³ and $13.3/1000 m³ treated, at MBR and CAS facilities, respectively. Further, it was found that solar PVs require on average 30% longer to pay back compared to anaerobic digestion. For GHG emissions, MBR WRPs without incorporating energy generating units were found to be 1.9 times more intensive than CAS WRPs and 2.9 times more intensive with energy generating units. This study successfully showed that the addition of renewable energy generating units reduced the energy consumption and carbon emissions of the WRP.

中文翻译：

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利用太阳能光伏和厌氧消化的卫星水回用厂的可再生能源产生和温室气体减排潜力

废水处理是一个非常耗能的过程。人口的增长，对能源和水的需求的增加以及由基于化石燃料的能源生产引起的污染水平的上升，确保了从化石燃料向可再生能源的过渡。这项研究通过使用太阳能光伏（PV）和厌氧消化探索了卫星回用水厂（WRP）的能耗抵消。对两种类型的WRP进行了分析：常规（带有二级澄清池和双重介质过滤的常规活性污泥系统（CAS）生物反应器）和高级（带膜过滤（MBR）的生物反应器）处理卫星WRP。还评估了相关的温室气体（GHG）排放。对于常规治疗，发现WRP总能量消耗的28％和31.1％，对于深度治疗，厌氧消化和太阳能光伏发电分别产生了WRP总能耗的14.7％和5.9％。当两个发电单元都合并到卫星WRP中时，MBR WRP的能源密集度平均比CAS WRP高1.86倍，这意味着节省了7.4亿美元的电力成本MBR和CAS设施分别处理了³和$ 13.3 / 1000 m ³。此外，还发现与无氧消化相比，太阳能光伏发电平均需要30％的时间才能还本付息。对于温室气体排放，发现不包含能量产生单元的MBR WRP的强度是CAS WRP的1.9倍，是能量产生单元的2.9倍。这项研究成功地表明，增加可再生能源发电装置可以减少WRP的能耗和碳排放。