Lack of tools to evaluate the quality of diet impedes dietary counselling in healthcare. We constructed a scoring for a validated food intake questionnaire, to measure the adherence to a healthy diet that prevents type 2 diabetes (T2D). The Healthy Diet Index (HDI) consists of seven weighted domains (meal pattern, grains, fruit and vegetables, fats, fish and meat, dairy, snacks and treats). We studied the correlations of the HDI with nutrient intakes calculated from 7-day food records among 52 men and 25 women, and associations of HDI with biomarkers and anthropometrics among 645 men and 2455 women. The HDI correlated inversely with total fat (Pearson’s r = −0.37), saturated fat (r = −0.37), monounsaturated fat (r = −0.37), and the glycaemic index of diet (r = −0.32) and positively with carbohydrates (r = 0.23), protein (r = 0.25), fibre (r = 0.66), magnesium (r = 0.26), iron (r = 0.25), and vitamin D (r = 0.27), (p < 0.05 for all). In the linear regression model adjusted for BMI and age, HDI is associated inversely with waist circumference, concentrations of fasting and 2-h glucose and triglycerides in men and women, total and LDL cholesterol in women, and fasting insulin in men (p < 0.05 for all). The HDI proved to be a valid tool to measure adherence to a health-promoting diet and to support individualised dietary counselling.

中文翻译：

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用于评估医疗保健饮食质量的健康饮食指数 (HDI) 的形成和验证


缺乏评估饮食质量的工具阻碍了医疗保健中的饮食咨询。我们为经过验证的食物摄入量问卷构建了评分，以衡量对预防 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 的健康饮食的坚持程度。健康饮食指数 (HDI) 由七个加权领域组成（膳食模式、谷物、水果和蔬菜、脂肪、鱼和肉、乳制品、零食和零食）。我们研究了 52 名男性和 25 名女性的 HDI 与根据 7 天食物记录计算出的营养摄入量的相关性，以及 645 名男性和 2455 名女性的 HDI 与生物标志物和人体测量学的关联。 HDI 与总脂肪（Pearson r = -0.37）、饱和脂肪（ r = -0.37）、单不饱和脂肪（ r = -0.37）和饮食血糖指数（ r = -0.32）呈负相关，与碳水化合物呈正相关（ r = 0.23)、蛋白质 ( r = 0.25)、纤维 ( r = 0.66)、镁 ( r = 0.26)、铁 ( r = 0.25) 和维生素 D ( r = 0.27)（全部p < 0.05）。在根据 BMI 和年龄调整的线性回归模型中，HDI 与腰围、男性和女性的空腹血糖和甘油三酯浓度、女性的总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇以及男性的空腹胰岛素呈反比关系 ( p < 0.05对于所有人）。事实证明，HDI 是衡量健康促进饮食依从性和支持个性化饮食咨询的有效工具。