The rapid development of greenhouse horticulture has brought about a dramatic increase in the nitrate pollution of aquifers. The optimization of nitrogen application is an important tool to minimize nitrogen losses. The objective of this research was to assess the effect of different fertigation strategies, based on the reduction of the nitrogen applied and the use of a percentage of NH₄⁺ as a nitrogen source, on the decrease in the environmental impact caused by the traditional system, as well as to evaluate if this is compatible with a high fruit yield (considering quantity and quality). Lycopersicum esculentum Mill cv. Forteza plants were grown in a polyethylene greenhouse. Tomato yield and quality were evaluated, along with leachates, which were collected by means of rigid plastic lysimeters. The proposed strategies did not reduce fruit yield. However, the reduction in the nitrate applied caused firmness and °Brix decrease, together with a diminution in titratable acidity until 124 days after transplanting. Nevertheless, these effects were not observed with the replacement of some of the NO₃⁻ by NH₄⁺. The reduction in fertilizer inputs significantly improved water and nutrient (N, P and K) use efficiency. The treatment with NH₄⁺ improved K use efficiency, compared to the conventional treatment, but P decreased. The highest NO₃⁻ and K leaching was detected in the traditional treatment.

中文翻译：

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减轻塑料温室番茄作物产生的肥料污染的施肥策略

温室园艺的迅速发展带来了含水层硝酸盐污染的急剧增加。优化施氮量是使氮损失最小化的重要工具。这项研究的目的是根据减少的施氮量和使用一定比例的NH ₄ ⁺作为氮源，评估不同施肥策略对传统系统所造成的环境影响的减少的影响，并评估这是否与高水果产量（考虑数量和质量）兼容。番茄米尔简历 Forteza植物在聚乙烯温室中生​​长。对番茄的产量和品质以及渗滤液进行了评估，渗滤液是通过刚性塑料溶渗仪收集的。所提出的策略并未降低水果产量。但是，施用硝酸盐的减少会导致硬度增加，白利糖度降低，同时可滴定的酸度也会降低，直到移植后124天。然而，这些效应没有与更换的一些NO的观察₃ ^-由NH ₄ ⁺。减少肥料投入可显着提高水和养分（氮，磷和钾）的利用效率。NH ₄ ^+处理与常规处理相比，钾的使用效率有所提高，但磷却降低了。最高NO ₃ ^-在传统治疗中检测和K浸出。