Fungi from the genus Trichoderma have a worldwide distribution and are commonly found in agricultural lands. Further, it has been described as a non-virulent and symbiont microorganism that can contribute to minimize the pernicious effects of pathogens. In the present work we have isolated Trichoderma spp. from bark of grapevine in different orchards in order to determine the influence of fungicide application and vine age on Trichoderma diversity in plant. An opposite correlation between the number of fungicides sprayed per campaign and the diversity of Trichoderma spp. isolates was found. Moreover, the older are grapevine plants the higher is the diversity of Trichoderma spp. isolates. The different Trichoderma strains isolated were tested against Phaeoacremonium minimum, a grapevine trunk pathogen, to evaluate their biocontrol capacity. Three Trichoderma strains shown a significant capacity to control P. minimum and were selected as candidates to be used as biological control agents. In addition, a rapid and easy method for isolating Trichoderma spp. from grapevine plants has been developed, which allowed to determine that the reduction in the amount of pesticide use, together with the preservation of old vineyards, lead to healthier agroecosystems containing higher levels of beneficial microorganisms.

中文翻译：

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杀菌剂的施用和葡萄藤龄对木霉菌多样性作为生物防治剂来源的影响

木霉属的真菌在世界范围内分布，通常在农田中发现。此外，它已被描述为一种非毒性和共生的微生物，可有助于将病原体的有害作用降至最低。在目前的工作中，我们分离了木霉属。为了确定杀真菌剂的使用和藤龄对植物木霉多样性的影响，从不同果园的葡萄树皮中提取。每个战役喷洒的杀真菌剂数量与木霉属物种的多样性之间存在相反的相关性。发现了分离物。此外，葡萄植物越老，木霉属物种的多样性就越高。隔离株。不同的木霉属菌株中分离了对所测试Phaeoacremonium最小，葡萄树树干病原体，以评价它们的生物控制的能力。三株木霉菌菌株显示出最小的控制体育毕赤酵母的能力，并被选作候选生物防治剂。另外，一种分离木霉属菌的快速简便的方法。已经开发出来自葡萄植物的植物，其可以确定减少农药使用量以及保存旧葡萄园，从而导致含有更高水平有益微生物的更健康的农业生态系统。