ABSTRACT

Excavations carried out at the Latin city of Gabii between 2012 and 2018 have contributed new data to a number of debates around the emergence, lived experience, maintenance, decline, and resilience of cities. Gabii’s urban trajectories demonstrate both seemingly familiar forms of urbanism and, on closer study, many locally circumscribed elements. Specifically, the Gabii Project excavations have uncovered an early Iron Age (8th–5th centuries b.c.) hut complex that has provided evidence for architecture, funerary rites, and quotidian activities during the initial polynuclear settlement at urbanizing Gabii. A unique monumental complex constructed in the 3rd century b.c. has been identified and is interpreted as a public structure potentially used for ritual activities; the study of this complex raises questions about the creation and reception of markers of civic identity. Excavation data has further characterized the reorganizations that took place during the first centuries a.d., when Gabii’s settled area contracted. Rather than unidirectional decline, evidence for industrial activities increases, and elite investments in the city persist, especially in the mixed-use elite domestic and agricultural complex. These results provide detailed evidence for how ancient cities developed and transformed in the face of shifting local and regional conditions, especially smaller urban centers (Gabii) at the periphery of mega-urban centers (Rome).

摘要

2012年至2018年间在拉丁城市加比（Gabii）进行的发掘工作为围绕城市的兴起，生活经验，维护，衰退和复原力的一系列辩论提供了新数据。加比（Gabii）的城市轨迹既显示了看似熟悉的城市主义形式，又在进一步研究中显示了许多当地限制的元素。具体来说，Gabii项目的考古发掘，发现了铁器时代早期（8-5世纪BC）复杂的小屋已经在城市化Gabii初始多核结算过程中提供适用于建筑，丧葬礼俗，以及司空见惯的活动的证据。建于公元前三世纪的独特纪念建筑已被识别并被解释为可能用于仪式活动的公共结构；对这一复合体的研究提出了有关公民身份标记的创建和接受的问题。发掘数据进一步表征了第一个世纪广告（Gabii的定居地收缩）后发生的重组。工业活动的证据并没有单向下降，反而增加了对城市的精英投资，尤其是在混合使用的精英家庭和农业综合体中。这些结果提供了详细的证据，说明古代城市如何面对变化的本地和区域条件，特别是在巨型城市中心（罗马）外围的较小城市中心（Gabii）的发展和转变。