Deaf individuals have unique sensory and linguistic experiences that influence how they read and become skilled readers. This review presents our current understanding of the neurocognitive underpinnings of reading skill in deaf adults. Key behavioural and neuroimaging studies are integrated to build a profile of skilled adult deaf readers and to examine how changes in visual attention and reduced access to auditory input and phonology shape how they read both words and sentences. Crucially, the behaviours, processes, and neural circuity of deaf readers are compared to those of hearing readers with similar reading ability to help identify alternative pathways to reading success. Overall, sensitivity to orthographic and semantic information is comparable for skilled deaf and hearing readers, but deaf readers rely less on phonology and show greater engagement of the right hemisphere in visual word processing. During sentence reading, deaf readers process visual word forms more efficiently and may have a greater reliance on and altered connectivity to semantic information compared to their hearing peers. These findings highlight the plasticity of the reading system and point to alternative pathways to reading success.

中文翻译：

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语前和深度聋成人熟练阅读的神经认知基础


聋人拥有独特的感官和语言体验，这些体验影响他们的阅读方式并成为熟练的读者。这篇综述介绍了我们目前对聋人成人阅读技能的神经认知基础的理解。关键的行为和神经影像学研究被整合起来，以建立熟练的成年聋人读者的档案，并研究视觉注意力的变化以及听觉输入和音韵学的减少如何影响他们阅读单词和句子的方式。至关重要的是，将失聪读者的行为、过程和神经回路与具有相似阅读能力的听力读者的行为、过程和神经回路进行比较，以帮助确定阅读成功的替代途径。总体而言，熟练的聋哑读者和听力正常的读者对拼写和语义信息的敏感性相当，但聋哑读者对语音的依赖较少，并且在视觉文字处理中表现出更多的右半球参与。在句子阅读过程中，聋哑读者比听力正常的读者更有效地处理视觉单词形式，并且可能对语义信息有更大的依赖和改变的连接性。这些发现强调了阅读系统的可塑性，并指出了阅读成功的替代途径。