We investigate the impact of the circadian process (24-h biological cycles that influence sleep/wake periods) and chronotypes (individual differences in the timing of those cycles) in charismatic leadership. We theorize that the expressions of charismatic signals by leaders, and the perceptions of those signals by followers are influenced by the circadian process. Moreover, considering that individuals vary in their sleep awake preferences (larks vs. owls), we argue that chronotype interacts with time of day to influence expressions and perceptions of charismatic leadership. In Study 1, we found that synchrony between leader chronotype and time of day affects expressions of charismatic leadership. In Study 2, we turned our attention to the followers' circadian process and found that synchrony between a follower's chronotype and time of day affects follower's perceptions of charismatic leadership. Our new model highlights how charismatic leadership can be driven by circadian process.

我们调查了昼夜节律过程（影响睡眠/觉醒时间的 24 小时生物周期）和时间型（这些周期时间的个体差异）对魅力型领导的影响。我们的理论是，领导者对魅力信号的表达以及追随者对这些信号的看法都受到昼夜节律过程的影响。此外，考虑到个人对睡眠清醒的偏好（百灵鸟与猫头鹰）各不相同，我们认为睡眠类型与一天中的时间相互作用，以影响魅力型领导的表达和看法。在研究 1 中，我们发现领导者的时间类型和一天中的时间之间的同步会影响魅力型领导的表达。在研究 2 中，我们将注意力转向追随者的昼夜节律过程，发现追随者之间的同步 时间表和一天中的时间会影响追随者对魅力型领导的看法。我们的新模型强调了昼夜节律如何驱动魅力型领导。