Previous cross-sectional studies highlight persistent East–West differences in gender ideologies after German reunification. This study examines the extent to which gender ideologies in the East and West have converged and whether differences are still relevant for younger cohorts who experienced childhood around the time of reunification, or after 1989. Using data from the German Family Panel pairfam (2008–2019) and differences in regime-specific socialization for three cohorts born before and after reunification, results reveal that different dimensions of gender ideologies have only partly converged 30 years after reunification. Attitudes towards housework and female employment converged particularly, yet, in all cohorts, views on maternal employment remain substantially different between East and West. Observed convergence occurred only partly due to contrasting trends of modernization in West Germany and re-traditionalization in East Germany. Moreover, the results highlight smaller attitude changes with increasing age, particularly for the younger cohorts, contributing to further variations in East–West differences. Overall, the findings confirm the existence of long-lasting ideology differences due to regime-specific socialization, and a persistently altered composition of society in East and West Germany. At the same time, they point towards slow convergence among younger cohorts due to a more similar institutional and socialization context following reunification.

中文翻译：

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柏林墙倒塌三十年后——东德和西德人对女性就业和家务分工的态度是否仍然不同？

先前的横断面研究强调了德国统一后东西方性别意识形态的持续差异。本研究考察了东西方性别意识形态的融合程度，以及差异是否仍然与在重新统一前后或 1989 年之后经历童年的年轻群体相关。使用来自德国家庭小组 pairfam（2008-2019 年）的数据) 以及统一前后出生的三个群体在特定政权社会化方面的差异，结果表明，性别意识形态的不同维度在统一 30 年后仅部分收敛。对家务劳动和女性就业的态度尤其趋同，然而，在所有群体中，东西方对孕产妇就业的看法仍然存在很大差异。观察到的趋同仅部分是由于西德现代化和东德再传统化的对比趋势。此外，结果强调随着年龄的增长，态度变化较小，特别是对于年轻的群体，这导致东西方差异的进一步变化。总体而言，研究结果证实，由于特定政权的社会化以及东德和西德社会构成的持续变化，长期存在意识形态差异。同时，由于统一后的制度和社会化背景更加相似，他们指出年轻群体之间的融合缓慢。特别是对于较年轻的群体，导致东西方差异的进一步变化。总体而言，研究结果证实，由于特定政权的社会化以及东德和西德社会构成的持续变化，长期存在意识形态差异。同时，由于统一后的制度和社会化背景更加相似，他们指出年轻群体之间的融合缓慢。特别是对于较年轻的群体，导致东西方差异的进一步变化。总体而言，研究结果证实，由于特定政权的社会化以及东德和西德社会构成的持续变化，长期存在意识形态差异。同时，由于统一后的制度和社会化背景更加相似，他们指出年轻群体之间的融合缓慢。