Zoning laws that restrict rural land to agricultural production pose an important institutional barrier to industrial development. We study the effects of the Industrial Areas (IA) program in Karnataka, India, which rezoned agricultural land for industrial use, but without the economic incentives common with other place-based policies. We find that the program caused a large increase in firm creation and employment in villages overlapping the IAs. Moreover, the surrounding areas experienced spillover effects, with workers shifting from agricultural to non-agricultural employment, and entrepreneurs establishing numerous small-scale service sector and agricultural firms.

中文翻译：

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印度农村的土地重新分区和结构转型：来自工业区计划的证据

限制农村土地用于农业生产的分区法对工业发展构成了重要的制度障碍。我们研究了印度卡纳塔克邦工业区 (IA) 计划的影响，该计划将农业用地重新划分为工业用地，但没有其他地方政策常见的经济激励措施。我们发现，该计划导致与 IA 重叠的村庄的企业创建和就业大幅增加。此外，周边地区出现了溢出效应，工人从农业就业转向非农业就业，企业家建立了许多小型服务业和农业企业。