Abstract

Especially in local areas, the formation of different soils on the same parent material is closely related to the topographic position, which has an important effect on the morphological, mineralogical, biological, and weathering processes of soils. Because, topography affects the distancing of water and other materials from the soil or addition of soil. Besides mineralogical and geochemical events occurring due to topographic change in soils with different development levels on basalt parent material under semitemperate ecological conditions, the purpose of this study is to examine the changes in the biological properties of soils with microbial biodiversity that affect these changes. For this purpose, six soil profiles representing high land plateau, high land back slope, low land plateau, low land back slope, toe slope, and foot slope were examined, which show distribution on the section in the South–North direction on basalt parent material of Engiz Çayı Basin, Turkey. Since soils formed on high slope land have poor profile development, they are described as young soils and classified in the Entisolls, and others are classified in Inceptisol and Vertisolls according to their horizon developments. pH values of surface horizons of all profiles range between 6.74 and 8.28, while organic matter values range from 1.54 to 3.53%. Although the dominant clay mineral is Smectite especially in surface soils, kaolinite clay mineral is also available in Entisol soils. Soil weathering rates are generally between very little weathering and moderate weathering, and Base/R₂O₃ values are determined between 0.5 and 1.3. Besides, it was determined that fungi has the most diversity among microorganisms of soil formed on basalt and actinobacterium varieties have the most diversity according to bacillus groups. Moreover, in this study, it has been determined that the isolated Actinobacteria members have gene regions that synthesize molecules called siderophores. This case has also been proposed as evidence that Actinobacteria members contribute to soil formation processes.

摘要

特别是在局部地区，同一母体上不同土壤的形成与地形位置密切相关，这对土壤的形态，矿物学，生物学和风化过程具有重要影响。因为，地形影响水和其他物质与土壤的距离或土壤的添加。除了在半温生态条件下玄武岩母体上不同发育水平的土壤因地形变化而发生的矿物学和地球化学事件外，本研究的目的还在于考察影响这些变化的微生物生物多样性土壤的生物学特性变化。为此，有六个土壤剖面分别代表高地高原，高地后坡，低地高原，低地后坡，脚趾坡，检查了脚和脚的坡度，显示了土耳其EngizÇayı盆地的玄武岩母岩材料在南北方向上的分布。由于在高坡度土地上形成的土壤剖面发育较差，因此它们被描述为年轻土壤，并被划分为Entisolls，而其他土壤则根据其水平发展而被划分为Inceptisol和Vertisolls。所有剖面的表层pH值在6.74和8.28之间，而有机物的pH值在1.54至3.53％之间。尽管主要的粘土矿物是蒙脱石，尤其是在表层土壤中，但高岭石粘土矿物也可在Entisol土壤中获得。土壤风化率通常介于极少风化和中等风化之间，以及基数/ R 该图显示了土耳其EngizÇayı盆地的玄武岩母岩材料在南北方向上的剖面分布。由于在高坡度土地上形成的土壤剖面发育较差，因此它们被描述为年轻土壤，并被划分为Entisolls，而其他土壤则根据其水平发展而被划分为Inceptisol和Vertisolls。所有剖面的表层pH值在6.74和8.28之间，而有机物的pH值在1.54至3.53％之间。尽管主要的粘土矿物是蒙脱石，尤其是在表层土壤中，但高岭石粘土矿物也可在Entisol土壤中获得。土壤风化率通常介于极少风化和中等风化之间，以及基数/ R 该图显示了土耳其EngizÇayı盆地的玄武岩母岩材料在南北方向上的剖面分布。由于在高坡度土地上形成的土壤剖面发育较差，因此它们被描述为年轻土壤，并被划分为Entisolls，而其他土壤则根据其水平发展而被划分为Inceptisol和Vertisolls。所有剖面的表层pH值范围在6.74和8.28之间，而有机物的值范围在1.54至3.53％之间。尽管主要的粘土矿物是蒙脱石，尤其是在表层土壤中，但高岭石粘土矿物也可在Entisol土壤中获得。土壤风化率通常介于极少风化和中等风化之间，以及基本/ R 它们被描述为年轻土壤，被划分为Entisolls，其他根据其发展水平而被划分为Inceptisol和Vertisolls。所有剖面的表层pH值在6.74和8.28之间，而有机物的pH值在1.54至3.53％之间。尽管主要的粘土矿物是蒙脱石，尤其是在表层土壤中，但高岭石粘土矿物也可在Entisol土壤中获得。土壤风化率通常介于极少风化和中等风化之间，以及基数/ R 它们被描述为年轻土壤，被划分为Entisolls，其他根据其发展水平而被划分为Inceptisol和Vertisolls。所有剖面的表层pH值在6.74和8.28之间，而有机物的pH值在1.54至3.53％之间。尽管主要的粘土矿物是绿土，尤其是在表层土壤中，但高岭石粘土矿物也可在Entisol土壤中获得。土壤风化率通常介于极少风化和中等风化之间，以及基数/ R 高岭石粘土矿物也可在Entisol土壤中获得。土壤风化率通常介于极少风化和中等风化之间，以及基本/ R 高岭石粘土矿物也可在Entisol土壤中获得。土壤风化率通常介于极少风化和中等风化之间，以及基数/ R₂ O _3的值介于0.5和1.3之间。此外，确定了在玄武岩上形成的土壤微生物中，真菌具有最大的多样性，而根据芽孢杆菌属，放线菌变种具有最大的多样性。而且，在这项研究中，已经确定分离的放线菌成员具有合成称为铁载体的分子的基因区域。还提出了该案例作为放线杆菌成员有助于土壤形成过程的证据。