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Crop responses to topsoil replacement within eroded landscapes
Agronomy Journal ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-27 , DOI: 10.1002/agj2.20635
Sharon K. Schneider 1 , Curtis G. Cavers 2 , Sara E. Duke 3 , Joseph A. Schumacher 4 , Thomas E. Schumacher 4 , David A. Lobb 5
Affiliation  

Approaches to restore productivity to eroded soils are urgently needed to sustain food security. We evaluated plant response to soil-landscape rehabilitation, in which approximately 15 cm of topsoil was moved from depositional landscape positions to the eroded upper slope. Crop response was monitored for 6 yr of a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation at a severely eroded site and for 4 yr of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–soybean rotation at a moderately eroded site. Experiments were conducted in years with relatively wet springs and droughty summers. In the severely eroded landscape, addition of 15 cm of soil increased crop biomass by 25–95% on a kg ha–1 basis and increased grain yields by 20–49% (corn) and 12–59% (soybean), with the largest yield increases recorded in the most eroded landscape positions. Soil addition increased corn grain protein and test weight. No significant differences were observed in crop emergence rate or stand establishment. In the moderately eroded landscape, soil addition significantly increased crop biomass, but not grain yield. In both landscapes, yields were lower in areas of soil removal than in adjacent areas from which no soil was removed, which is likely at least partially an artifact of the plot design. While more research is needed to evaluate long-term impacts, the results of these studies show that soil-landscape rehabilitation may help alleviate the effects of past erosion and provide immediate benefits to the productivity of severely eroded soils.

中文翻译:

作物对侵蚀景观中表土置换的反应

迫切需要恢复受侵蚀土壤生产力的方法,以维持粮食安全。我们评估了植物对土壤景观恢复的反应,其中大约 15 厘米的表土从沉积景观位置移动到侵蚀的上坡。在严重侵蚀地点监测玉米 ( Zea mays L.)-大豆 [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] 轮作 6 年和小麦 ( Triticum aestivum L.)-大豆轮作4 年的作物响应在中度侵蚀的地方。试验是在春季相对潮湿和夏季干旱的年份进行的。在严重侵蚀的景观中,每增加 15 厘米的土壤,每公斤公顷的作物生物量增加 25-95% –1基础上,谷物产量增加了 20-49%(玉米)和 12-59%(大豆),在最受侵蚀的景观位置记录了最大的产量增长。土壤添加增加了玉米粒蛋白质和测试重量。在作物出苗率或林分建立方面没有观察到显着差异。在中度侵蚀的景观中,土壤添加显着增加了作物生物量,但不增加粮食产量。在这两个景观中,土壤去除区域的产量低于未去除土壤的相邻区域,这可能至少部分是地块设计的人工产物。虽然需要更多的研究来评估长期影响,但这些研究的结果表明,土壤景观恢复可能有助于减轻过去侵蚀的影响,并为严重侵蚀土壤的生产力提供立竿见影的好处。
更新日期:2021-02-27
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