Humans constitute one of the main geomorphological agents in modern times. As an example, post-mining regions represent a typical landscape of the Anthropocene. Strong relief modifications are particularly obvious with open pit mining. However, many existing mining areas are lacking detailed pre-mining information for the quantification of anthropogenic relief changes, which is a considerable challenge in regions with historic mining activities.

中文翻译：

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从历史地图和数字高程模型得出的长期褐煤矿区（“维尔”，德国）的人为地势变化

人类是现代主要的地貌因素之一。例如，后采矿区代表了人类世的典型景观。对于露天采矿，强烈的浮雕改造尤为明显。然而，许多现有矿区缺乏用于量化人为救济变化的详细的开采前信息，这对于有历史采矿活动的地区来说是一个相当大的挑战。