Adaptation Pathways is a decision support tool designed to create adaptation policies under different climate change scenarios. This tool has been used successfully in several sectors and contexts such as coastal and river adaptation, urban heat waves, floods and rural livelihoods but its use in natural resource management, has faced several challenges and limitations. In the sector of agroforestry its use has seldom been done or documented and one of the reasons for this may due to some of its specific challenges. In this study, these challenges were addressed when using the Adaptation Pathways for the adaptation planning of three case studies in the semi-arid Alentejo region, a Mediterranean dryland of southern Portugal. This tool was integrated in a participatory approach combined with the Scenario Workshop method, to plan the adaptation of the agriculture and forestry sector of one municipality (Mértola) and two agroforestry farms (221 ha and 1000 ha). The methodology included, for each case study, 20 interviews, two workshops, literature review, expert analysis and the use of indicators of efficacy of adaptation measures, to define tipping points. The adaptation process and the resulting adaptation plans were evaluated by questionnaire and expert review. This combination of methods has supported the choice of effective adaptation measures for the case studies and when combined with several adaptation pathways and a landscape approach it supported the creation of integrated climate change adaptation plans that are now in implementation. We discuss how this combination of methods deals with limitation to Adaptation Pathways identified in the literature, conclude that the method was able to create adaptation plans that are now under implementation and present avenues for future research.

适应途径是一种决策支持工具，旨在在不同的气候变化情景下制定适应政策。该工具已在沿海和河流适应，城市热浪，洪水和农村生计等多个部门和环境中成功使用，但在自然资源管理中的使用却面临一些挑战和局限性。在农用林业部门中，很少使用或记录其使用情况，其原因之一可能是由于其某些具体挑战。在这项研究中，当使用适应途径进行在葡萄牙南部地中海干旱地区半干旱的阿连特茹地区的三个案例研究的适应规划时，应对了这些挑战。该工具已与“情景研讨会”方法结合为一种参与性方法，计划对一个城市（梅尔托拉）和两个农林农场（221公顷和1000公顷）的农业和林业部门进行改造。该方法学包括为每个案例研究进行20次访谈，两次讲习班，文献回顾，专家分析以及使用适应措施效力指标来定义临界点。通过问卷调查和专家评审来评估适应过程和产生的适应计划。这种方法的组合为案例研究选择了有效的适应措施提供了支持，当与几种适应途径和景观方法结合使用时，它支持了正在实施的综合气候变化适应计划的制定。我们将讨论这种方法的组合如何解决文献中确定的适应途径的局限性，