Blood brain barrier (BBB) is formed by the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) lining the wall of brain capillaries. Its integrity is regulated by multiple mechanisms, including up/downregulation of tight junction proteins or adhesion molecules, altered Ca^2 + homeostasis, remodeling of cytoskeleton, that are confined at the level of BMVECs. Beside the contribution of BMVECs to BBB permeability changes, other cells, such as pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, leukocytes or neurons, etc. are also exerting direct or indirect modulatory effects on BBB. Alterations in BBB integrity play a key role in multiple brain pathologies, including neurological (e.g. epilepsy) and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis etc.). In this review, the principal Ca^2 + signaling pathways in brain microvascular endothelial cells are discussed and their contribution to BBB integrity is emphasized. Improving the knowledge of Ca^2 + homeostasis alterations in BMVECa is fundamental to identify new possible drug targets that diminish/prevent BBB permeabilization in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.

血脑屏障 (BBB) 由排列在脑毛细血管壁上的脑微血管内皮细胞 (BMVEC) 形成。其完整性受多种机制调节，包括紧密连接蛋白或粘附分子的上调/下调、Ca ^{2  +的改变}体内平衡，细胞骨架的重塑，仅限于 BMVEC 水平。除了 BMVECs 对 BBB 通透性变化的贡献外，其他细胞，如周细胞、星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞、白细胞或神经元等也对 BBB 产生直接或间接的调节作用。BBB 完整性的改变在多种脑部病变中起关键作用，包括神经（例如癫痫）和神经退行性疾病（例如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化等）。在这篇综述中，讨论了脑微血管内皮细胞中主要的 Ca ^{2  +}信号通路，并强调了它们对 BBB 完整性的贡献。提高对Ca ^{2  +的认识}BMVECa 的体内平衡改变对于确定新的可能的药物靶点至关重要，这些药物靶点可减少/防止神经和神经退行性疾病中的 BBB 通透性。