Ailanthone, a quassinoid from Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, is a natural herbicide, whose use is limited by its low persistence and rapid degradation in organic substrates. Dextrin-based nanosponges (NSs) are polymers with a cage-like structure that can complex several molecules, acting as carriers or protectors. Their encapsulation efficiency can be exploited in numerous applications. Hence this study explored at first the biological activity of eight different dextrin-based NSs, synthesized with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) or pyromellitic dianhydride (PYRO) (αNS-CDI, βNS-CDI, γNS-CDI, LC NS-CDI, αNS-PYRO, βNS-PYRO, γNS-PYRO, and LC NS-PYRO), towards two model species (Lepidium sativum L. and Raphanus sativus L.) in filter paper under controlled conditions in laboratory. Then, the selected dextrin-based NSs were loaded with ailanthone and applied in the concentration of 7.5 or 30 mg L⁻¹ of ailanthone in pre-emergence on the same species, initially on filter paper and subsequently on cultivation substrate for horticulture. In all three bioassays, the number of germinated seeds and the length of developed roots and hypocotyls were evaluated. In the first bioassay, the results showed that five dextrin-based NSs promoted the germination and root elongation, thus counteracting the herbicidal effect of ailanthone. Hence, three selected formulations (αNS-CDI, γNS-CDI, and LC NS-CDI) were loaded with ailanthone, with γNS-CDI providing the highest loading capacity (1.36%) and encapsulation efficiency (55.15%). In the second bioassay, the phytotoxic activity of ailanthone was strengthen by dextrin-based NSs, always stronger by at least 58% than the pure compound across 30 days in paper, without differences between formulations. In the third bioassay, loading ailanthone in γNS-CDI also prolonged its herbicidal activity, still reducing to only 20% the germination and growth of garden cress and radish 30 and 20 days after treatment, respectively. Overall, results demonstrated that dextrin-based nanosponges can be proposed as suitable carriers in the formulation of ailanthone-based herbicide. Their use both increased and extended the phytotoxic activity of ailanthone, leading to the possibility of reducing the amount applied for each treatment, or reducing the number of herbicide treatments.

艾兰酮是来自Ailanthus altissima（Mill。）Swingle的一种类胡萝卜素，是一种天然除草剂，由于其持久性低和在有机基质中的快速降解而受到限制。基于糊精的纳米海绵（NSs）是具有笼状结构的聚合物，可以复合多个分子，充当载体或保护剂。它们的封装效率可以在许多应用中得到利用。因此，本研究首先探讨了与1,1'-羰基二咪唑（CDI）或均苯四酸二酐（PNS）（αNS-CDI，βNS-CDI，γNS-CDI，LC NS- CDI，αNS-PYRO，βNS-PYRO，γNS-PYRO，和LC NS-焦），对两个型物种（独行菜豌豆L.和萝卜L.）在实验室中受控条件下的滤纸中。然后，将所选的基于糊精的NSs装载蒽酮，并以7.5或30 mg L ^-1的浓度施用在同一物种上出苗前的艾兰酮的含量，最初是在滤纸上，随后是在园艺用的栽培基质上。在所有三种生物测定中，均评估了发芽种子的数量以及已发育的根和下胚轴的长度。在第一个生物测定中，结果表明，五个基于糊精的NS促进了发芽和根伸长，从而抵消了艾兰酮的除草作用。因此，将三种选择的制剂（αNS-CDI，γNS-CDI和LC NS-CDI）装载了蒽酮，其中γNS-CDI提供了最高的装载量（1.36％）和包封效率（55.15％）。在第二次生物测定中，基于糊精的NS增强了艾兰酮的植物毒性活性，在纸上30天中，其始终比纯化合物强至少58％，配方之间没有差异。在第三次生物测定中，在NSNS-CDI中加入艾兰酮也延长了其除草活性，在处理后30天和20天时，仍分别将水芹和萝卜的发芽和生长减少至仅20％。总体而言，结果表明，基于糊精的纳米海绵可以被提议作为基于蒽酮的除草剂配方中的合适载体。它们的使用增加并延长了艾兰酮的植物毒性活性，从而导致减少每次处理的用量或减少除草剂处理的数量的可能性。结果表明，基于糊精的纳米海绵可以被提议作为基于蒽酮的除草剂配方中的合适载体。它们的使用增加并延长了艾兰酮的植物毒性活性，从而导致减少每次处理的用量或减少除草剂处理的数量的可能性。结果表明，基于糊精的纳米海绵可以被提议作为基于蒽酮的除草剂配方中的合适载体。它们的使用增加并延长了艾兰酮的植物毒性活性，从而导致减少每次处理的用量或减少除草剂处理的数量的可能性。