While land conversion from native vegetation to agriculture influences the concentration, speciation, and cycling of soil phosphorus (P), the nature of these changes remain poorly understood. We collected surface soils (0–10 cm) from paired sites at three locations, comparing soil from native vegetation with adjacent soils converted for cropping, pasture, and plantation for up to 115 y. The extent of organic P loss upon land use change differed between the three soils, with conversion to cropping causing the largest decreased in soil organic P as well as phosphatase activity. Using solution ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), it was found that cropping caused a pronounced decrease in organic P – both orthophosphate monoesters and orthophosphate diesters. Furthermore, cropping soils had a substantial reduction in the diester-P/monoester-P ratio, indicating the preferential degradation of the more labile orthophosphate diester-P upon conversion to cropping. Importantly, by subsequently converting cropping land to pasture or plantation, these adverse P-related changes could be reversed or at least halted. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) demonstrated that land use change had no pronounced impact on inorganic P, with sorbed P dominating in all treatments. Changes in land use also influenced bacterial diversity, with land use change effects being specific to the three soils. This study provides information on how land use changes alters P behaviour and cycling in soils, with this being important for ensuring the sustainable use of soils for food production.

虽然从原生植被到农业的土地转化会影响土壤磷（P）的浓度，形态和循环，但人们对这些变化的性质仍然知之甚少。我们从三个地点的配对地点收集了表层土壤（0-10厘米），将原生植被的土壤与相邻的土壤进行了耕作，牧场和人工林转化，进行了长达115年的比较。三种土地在土地利用变化时有机磷的流失程度有所不同，向耕作的转化导致土壤有机磷以及磷酸酶活性的下降幅度最大。使用解决方案³¹P核磁共振（NMR）发现，种植会显着降低有机P –正磷酸单酯和正磷酸二酯。此外，农作物土壤中的二酯-P /单酯-P比率大大降低，表明在转化为农作物后，较不稳定的正磷酸二酯-P优先降解。重要的是，通过随后将耕地转换为牧场或人工林，这些与磷有关的不利变化可以逆转或至少停止。基于同步加速器的X射线吸收近边缘结构（XANES）表明，土地利用变化对无机P没有明显影响，在所有处理中吸附的P均占主导地位。土地利用的变化也影响了细菌的多样性，土地利用的变化对三种土壤具有特定的影响。