Phosphorus (P) has a deficit effect for living organisms, and there is a continuous influx of large amounts of P fertilizers into agriculture systems. However, the low use efficiency of P fertilizers in the current practice of crop production is attributed to the quick fixation effects of soil minerals on the added P fertilizer. This work investigated the effects of long-term manure fertilization on soil P retention and clay mineral phase transformation using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The manure application with lime significantly mitigated soil acidification, and P retention was significantly correlated with soil colloids. Microanalysis data revealed that clay minerals, acting as the substrate, likely provided plenty of sites for P retention to support the crystallized and amorphous Fe-oxides, which promoted P adsorption/stabilization. The manure addition led to the transformation of soil clay minerals from 2:1 type to 1:1 type, which was related to soil microbial biomass. Taken together, our study suggest that manure fertilization impacts the microbial biomass, and thereby promotes the transformation of clay minerals and further influences the retention and reactivity of P in the soil environment.

磷（P）对生物体有赤字作用，并且大量磷肥不断流入农业系统。然而，当前作物生产中磷肥的使用效率低是由于土壤矿物质对磷肥的快速固定作用。这项工作使用X射线衍射（XRD），高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）和能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）研究了长期施肥对土壤P保留和粘土矿物相变的影响。石灰施肥显着减轻了土壤酸化，磷的保留与土壤胶体显着相关。微量分析数据表明，粘土矿物作为底物，可能提供了大量的P保留位，以支持结晶的和无定形的Fe-氧化物，从而促进P的吸附/稳定。粪肥的添加导致土壤粘土矿物从2：1型向1：1型转化，这与土壤微生物生物量有关。综上所述，我们的研究表明，肥料施肥会影响微生物生物量，从而促进粘土矿物的转化，并进一步影响磷在土壤环境中的保留和反应性。