Abstract—This paper discusses the problem of applying the “Unit–Function–Object” system–object approach to conceptual systems. The results of a comparative analysis of the material systems are presented, i.e., phenomena (systems phenomena) and conceptual systems, i.e., classes (system–classes). A universal definition of the “system” concept has been developed that consider both types of systems. Variants of the formal description of the system class are proposed using the apparatus of calculus of objects and descriptive logic. It is shown that a number of known system-wide laws apply to material systems, i.e., systems–phenomena as well as conceptual systems, i.e., system–classes. The presented results substantiate the possibility of including system–classes on par with systems–phenomena in the theory of systems based on the system–object approach. In addition, the results make it possible to improve the existing and create new classification systems, which are an important type of conceptual model of conceptual knowledge, as conceptual models that take system-wide regularities into account become models that reflect the systemic nature of actual reality.

摘要—本文讨论了将“单元—功能—对象”系统—对象方法应用于概念系统的问题。提出了对物质系统进行比较分析的结果，即现象（系统现象）和概念系统，即类别（系统-类）。已经开发了考虑两种系统类型的“系统”概念的通用定义。使用对象演算和描述逻辑的设备，提出了系统类形式描述的变体。结果表明，许多已知的系统范围内的法律适用于物质系统（即系统现象）以及概念性系统（即系统类别）。提出的结果证实了在基于系统-目标方法的系统理论中包括与系统-现象相当的系统类的可能性。