Reducing energy consumption in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the main ways to extend network lifetime since, in most cases, sensor nodes are battery-powered and are not rechargeable. One way to achieve this goal is to reduce the amount of redundant data sent to the base station (BS) through an aggregation operation carried out by the coordinating nodes. The clustering approach is considered as one of the most energy-efficient approaches for routing data in WSNs because in this approach the cluster-heads are responsible for the aggregation of the data packets, which reduces the amount of data sent to the BS. In this paper, we propose an approach based on an improved version of the K-Means method. This approach allows to find the appropriate number of clusters and generate clusters based on the radio communication of the nodes (RC). Moreover, to send data to the BS, we propose three greedy forwarding schemes. The first is a pure greedy forwarding (DKM-GF), the second is based on the distance and the residual energy of the relay nodes (DKM-GFE) and the third on the distance, the residual energy of the relay nodes and the energy dissipated to send data from a node to the forwarding node (DKM-GF2E). The proposed routing schemes have been implemented over MATLAB simulator. The results obtained show that our proposals bring significant improvements in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime and the number of packets sent to the base station compared to other protocols.

减少无线传感器网络（WSN）的能耗是延长网络寿命的主要方法之一，因为在大多数情况下，传感器节点由电池供电且不可充电。一种实现此目标的方法是通过协调节点执行的聚合操作来减少发送到基站（BS）的冗余数据量。群集方法被认为是WSN中路由数据的最节能方法之一，因为在这种方法中，群集头负责数据分组的聚合，这减少了发送到BS的数据量。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于改进的K-Means方法的方法。这种方法允许找到适当数量的群集，并基于节点的无线电通信（RC）生成群集。此外，为了向BS发送数据，我们提出了三种贪婪转发方案。第一个是纯贪婪转发（DKM-GF），第二个是基于中继节点的距离和剩余能量（DKM-GFE），第三个是基于距离，中继节点的剩余能量和能量用于将数据从一个节点发送到转发节点（DKM-GF2E）。所提出的路由方案已通过MATLAB模拟器实现。获得的结果表明，与其他协议相比，我们的建议在能耗，网络寿命和发送到基站的数据包数量方面带来了显着的改进。第二个是基于距离和中继节点的剩余能量（DKM-GFE），第三个是基于距离，中继节点的剩余能量以及为将数据从节点发送到转发节点（DKM）而耗散的能量-GF2E）。所提出的路由方案已通过MATLAB模拟器实现。获得的结果表明，与其他协议相比，我们的建议在能耗，网络寿命和发送到基站的数据包数量方面带来了显着的改进。第二个基于距离和中继节点的剩余能量（DKM-GFE），第三个基于距离，中继节点的剩余能量和从节点向转发节点发送数据所消耗的能量（DKM -GF2E）。所提出的路由方案已通过MATLAB模拟器实现。获得的结果表明，与其他协议相比，我们的建议在能耗，网络寿命和发送到基站的数据包数量方面带来了显着的改进。