Abstract Environmental impact statements (EISs), and the related environmental impact assessments (EIAs) which precede them, have become central elements of environmental management, governance, and policy worldwide since their introduction in the United States in 1970. Assessing environmental impact has a particular force and centrality within modern Antarctic environmental management and governance too. This article investigates the ways in which the United States used EISs and EIAs in Antarctica between 1970 and 1982 – during their first decade of existence in US law and during a geopolitically and scientifically vibrant decade in Antarctic affairs – as a way of illuminating the broader conceptual and historical aspects of this central, though understudied, environmental governance tool and framework. We historicise and draw attention to the EIS – individually, as a regulatory genre, and as a genre that articulates regional, global and planetary environments – as highly influential and powerful documents demanding attention from environmental historians and historical geographers. We argue that the prominence of EISs in Antarctica arose because they appealed to top-down, process-oriented approaches favoured in Antarctic governance – a technocratic environmentalism – and because of their spatial elements, particularly their tendency to upscaling.

中文翻译：

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技术官僚环保主义的兴起：美国、南极洲和环境影响报告的全球化

摘要 环境影响报告 (EIS) 及其之前的相关环境影响评估 (EIA) 自 1970 年在美国引入以来，已成为全球环境管理、治理和政策的核心要素。在现代南极环境管理和治理中的力量和中心地位。本文调查了美国在 1970 年至 1982 年间在南极洲使用 EIS 和 EIA 的方式——在它们存在于美国法律的第一个十年期间以及在南极事务中地缘政治和科学充满活力的十年期间——作为阐明更广泛概念的一种方式这一核心环境治理工具和框架的历史方面，尽管尚未得到充分研究。我们将 EIS 历史化并引起人们对 EIS 的关注——单独地，作为一种监管类型，以及作为一种阐明区域、全球和行星环境的类型——作为极具影响力和强大的文件，需要环境历史学家和历史地理学家的关注。我们认为，EIS 在南极洲的突出地位出现是因为它们诉诸于南极治理中所青睐的自上而下、面向过程的方法——一种技术官僚的环保主义——并且因为它们的空间元素，特别是它们的升级倾向。