Abstract We assess whether national security policies influence tourism exports by using a Difference-in-Differences approach to evaluate the effect of Executive Order 13769 in January 2017 on visitor arrivals from the Middle East. We find that the volume of visitor arrivals from the Middle East declined by about a quarter following this policy change. These results are robust to alternative estimation approaches and they offer novel insights into how national security laws and policies may affect international travelers' destination trust.

中文翻译：

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国家安全政策的溢出成本

摘要 我们通过使用差异中的差异方法评估 2017 年 1 月第 13769 号行政命令对来自中东的游客的影响来评估国家安全政策是否影响旅游出口。我们发现，在这一政策变化之后，来自中东的游客人数下降了约四分之一。这些结果对于替代估计方法是稳健的，并且它们为国家安全法律和政策如何影响国际旅行者的目的地信任提供了新的见解。