Spherical fuzzy sets are the latest extension of the ordinary fuzzy sets. The main characteristic of the spherical fuzzy sets is satisfying the condition that the squared sum of the membership, nonmembership, and hesitancy degrees must be at least zero and at most one. In this research, by extending the classical linear assignment method to bi-objective linear assignment and integrating it with cosine similarity measure, we presented a novel beneficial method for solving multiple criteria group decision-making problems in the spherical fuzzy environment. A new concept for weighting the criteria, which is composed of positive and negative impacts (weights), is introduced. The proposed bi-objective model tries to maximize positive impacts and minimize the negative impacts simultaneously. In order to solve the bi-objective linear assignment model, ε-constraint method is applied. Therefore, a trade-off solution is formed between maximizing positive impacts and minimizing negative impacts. The applicability and validity of the proposed method are shown through an insurance options selection problem. To test the reliability and validity of the proposed method, comparative and sensitivity analysis are performed.

中文翻译：

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一种新颖的球面模糊双目标线性分配方法及其在保险期权选择中的应用

球形模糊集是普通模糊集的最新扩展。球面模糊集的主要特征是满足隶属度、非隶属度和犹豫度的平方和必须至少为 0 且最多为 1 的条件。在这项研究中，通过将经典线性分配方法扩展到双目标线性分配并将其与余弦相似度度量相结合，我们提出了一种解决球形模糊环境中多准则群决策问题的新方法。引入了由正面和负面影响（权重）组成的衡量标准的新概念。所提出的双目标模型试图同时最大化正面影响和最小化负面影响。为了解决双目标线性分配模型，ε- 应用约束方法。因此，在最大化正面影响和最小化负面影响之间形成权衡解决方案。所提出方法的适用性和有效性通过保险选项选择问题得到证明。为了测试所提出方法的可靠性和有效性，进行了比较和敏感性分析。