Biomass has incredible potential as an alternative to fossil fuels for energy production that is sustainable for the future of humanity. Hydrogen evolution from photocatalytic biomass conversion not only produces valuable carbon-free energy in the form of molecular hydrogen but also provides an avenue of production for industrially relevant biomass products. This photocatalytic conversion can be realized with efficient, sustainable reaction materials (biomass) and inexhaustible sunlight as the only energy inputs. Reported herein is a general strategy and mechanism for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from biomass and biomass-derived substrates (including ethanol, glycerol, formic acid, glucose, and polysaccharides). Recent advancements in the synthesis and fundamental physical/mechanistic studies of novel photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution from biomass conversion are summarized. Also summarized are recent advancements in hydrogen evolution efficiency regarding biomass and biomass-derived substrates. Special emphasis is given to methods that utilize unprocessed biomass as a substrate or synthetic photocatalyst material, as the development of such will incur greater benefits towards a sustainable route for the evolution of hydrogen and production of chemical feedstocks.

中文翻译：

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生物质转化产生光催化制氢

生物质作为化石燃料的替代品具有令人难以置信的潜力，可替代能源用于人类未来的可持续能源生产。光催化生物质转化产生的氢不仅以分子氢的形式产生有价值的无碳能量，而且为工业上相关的生物质产品提供了生产途径。这种光催化转化可以通过高效，可持续的反应材料（生物质）和不竭的阳光作为唯一的能量输入来实现。本文报道的是从生物质和生物质衍生的底物（包括乙醇，甘油，甲酸，葡萄糖和多糖）光催化制氢的一般策略和机理。总结了用于从生物质转化制氢的新型光催化剂的合成和基本物理/机理研究的最新进展。还总结了关于生物质和生物质衍生的底物在氢释放效率方面的最新进展。特别强调利用未加工的生物质作为底物或合成光催化剂材料的方法，因为这种方法的开发将为氢的释放和化学原料生产的可持续途径带来更大的好处。