BACKGROUND:Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), a natural dietary source of (poly)phenols, has been used as medicine for centuries. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of a red raspberry (poly)phenolic extract (RPE) on diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS:Male specific pathogen-free C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12 per group), and fed with low-fat diet (10% fat energy), high-fat diet (HFD, 45% fat energy), or HFD supplemented with RPE of 150 mg/kg body weight by intragastric administration for 14 weeks. Obesity-related biochemical indexes and hepatic gene expression levels were determined. The statistical analyses were conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. RESULTS:The body weight gain, steatosis grade scores and insulin resistance index in the RPE group decreased by 34.48% (P = 0.00), 58.82% (P = 0.00), and 53.77% (P = 0.00), respectively, compared to those in the HFD group. Moreover, RPE supplement significantly changed the expression profile of the genes involved in lipid metabolism and fibroblast growth factor 21 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrated that RPE protected from diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders by improving the lipid metabolism and fibroblast growth factor 21 resistance.

中文翻译：

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红树莓（多）酚提取物改善肥胖小鼠的饮食引起的肥胖，肝脂肪变性和胰岛素抵抗

背景：红树莓（Rubus idaeus L.）是（聚）酚的天然饮食来源，已经被用作药物已有数百年历史了。目的：本研究旨在确定红树莓（多）酚提取物（RPE）对饮食引起的肥胖，肝脂肪变性和胰岛素抵抗的影响，并阐明其潜在的分子机制。方法：雄性无病原体的C57BL / 6J小鼠随机分为三组（每组12只），分别饲喂低脂饮食（10％脂肪能量），高脂饮食（HFD，45％脂肪能量） ），或通过胃内给药补充HFD并补充150 mg / kg体重的RPE 14周。测定与肥胖有关的生化指标和肝基因表达水平。使用单向方差分析（ANOVA），然后进行Duncan多范围检验，进行统计分析。结果：与RPE组相比，RPE组的体重增加，脂肪变性评分和胰岛素抵抗指数分别降低了34.48％（P = 0.00），58.82％（P = 0.00）和53.77％（P = 0.00）。在HFD组中。此外，RPE补充剂显着改变了参与脂质代谢和成纤维细胞生长因子21信号通路的基因的表达谱。结论：这项研究表明，RPE通过改善脂质代谢和成纤维细胞生长因子21抵抗力而免受饮食引起的肥胖症和相关代谢紊乱的影响。RPE补充剂显着改变了参与脂质代谢和成纤维细胞生长因子21信号通路的基因的表达谱。结论：这项研究表明，RPE通过改善脂质代谢和成纤维细胞生长因子21抵抗力而免受饮食引起的肥胖症和相关代谢紊乱的影响。RPE补充剂显着改变了参与脂质代谢和成纤维细胞生长因子21信号通路的基因的表达谱。结论：这项研究表明，RPE通过改善脂质代谢和成纤维细胞生长因子21抵抗力而免受饮食引起的肥胖症和相关代谢紊乱的影响。