Many problems in signal processing [e.g., filter bank design, independent component analysis (ICA), beamforming design, and neural network training] can be formulated as optimization over groups of transformations that depend continuously on real parameters (Lie groups). Such problems are usually tackled in two ways: using a constrained optimization procedure or using some parameterization to transform them into unconstrained problems.

中文翻译：

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揭秘信号处理李群方法：教程


信号处理中的许多问题[例如，滤波器组设计、独立分量分析(ICA)、波束成形设计和神经网络训练]可以表述为对连续依赖于实参数（李群）的变换组的优化。此类问题通常通过两种方式解决：使用约束优化过程或使用某些参数化将其转化为无约束问题。