Water is a critical natural resource that sustains the productivity of many economic sectors, whether directly or indirectly. Climate change alongside rapid growth and development are a threat to water sustainability and regional productivity. In this paper, we develop an extension to the economic input-output model to assess the impact of water supply disruptions to regional economies. The model utilizes the inoperability variable, which measures the extent to which an infrastructure system or economic sector is unable to deliver its intended output. While the inoperability concept has been utilized in previous applications, this paper offers extensions that capture the time-varying nature of inoperability as the sectors recover from a disruptive event, such as drought. The model extension is capable of inserting inoperability adjustments within the drought timeline to capture time-varying likelihoods and severities, as well as the dependencies of various economic sectors on water. The model was applied to case studies of severe drought in two regions: (1) the state of Massachusetts (MA) and (2) the US National Capital Region (NCR). These regions were selected to contrast drought resilience between a mixed urban–rural region (MA) and a highly urban region (NCR). These regions also have comparable overall gross domestic products despite significant differences in the distribution and share of the economic sectors comprising each region. The results of the case studies indicate that in both regions, the utility and real estate sectors suffer the largest economic loss; nonetheless, results also identify region-specific sectors that incur significant losses. For the NCR, three sectors in the top 10 ranking of highest economic losses are government-related, whereas in the MA, four sectors in the top 10 are manufacturing sectors. Furthermore, the accommodation sector has also been included in the NCR case intuitively because of the high concentration of museums and famous landmarks. In contrast, the Wholesale Trade sector was among the sectors with the highest economic losses in the MA case study because of its large geographic size conducive for warehouses used as nodes for large-scale supply chain networks. Future modeling extensions could potentially include analysis of water demand and supply management strategies that can enhance regional resilience against droughts. Other regional case studies can also be pursued in future efforts to analyze various categories of drought severity beyond the case studies featured in this paper.

水是一种重要的自然资源，可以直接或间接维持许多经济部门的生产力。气候变化以及快速的增长和发展对水的可持续性和区域生产力构成威胁。在本文中，我们对经济投入产出模型进行了扩展，以评估供水中断对区域经济的影响。该模型利用了不可操作性变量，该变量可衡量基础架构系统或经济部门无法提供预期产出的程度。虽然不可操作性概念已在以前的应用程序中使用，但本文提供了一些扩展，以捕获随着部门从破坏性事件（例如干旱）中恢复而导致不可操作性随时间变化的性质。该模型扩展能够在干旱时间轴内插入不可操作性调整，以捕获随时间变化的可能性和严重性，以及各个经济部门对水的依赖性。该模型用于两个地区的严重干旱案例研究：（1）马萨诸塞州（MA）和（2）美国国家首都地区（NCR）。选择这些地区是为了对比城乡混合区（MA）和高市区（NCR）之间的抗旱能力。尽管各地区经济部门的分布和份额存在显着差异，但这些地区的总体国内生产总值也具有可比性。案例研究的结果表明，在这两个地区，公用事业和房地产部门遭受的经济损失最大。尽管如此，结果还确定了遭受重大损失的特定地区部门。对于NCR，经济损失最高的前十名中的三个部门与政府相关，而在MA中，前十名中的四个部门是制造业。此外，由于博物馆和著名地标的高度集中，住宿领域也被直观地包含在NCR案例中。相比之下，在MA案例研究中，批发贸易部门是经济损失最高的部门之一，因为它的地域较大，有利于用作大型供应链网络节点的仓库。未来的模型扩展可能包括对水需求和供应管理策略的分析，以增强区域抗旱能力。