Sleep is critical to human function, mediating factors like memory, mood, energy, and alertness; therefore, it is commonly conjectured that a good night's sleep is important for job performance. However, both real-world sleep behavior and job performance are hard to measure at scale. In this work, we show that people's everyday interactions with online mobile apps can reveal insights into their job performance in real-world contexts. We present an observational study in which we objectively tracked the sleep behavior and job performance of salespeople (N = 15) and athletes (N = 19) for 18 months, using a mattress sensor and online mobile app. We first demonstrate that cumulative sleep measures are correlated with job performance metrics, showing that an hour of daily sleep loss for a week was associated with a 9.0% and 9.5% reduction in performance of salespeople and athletes, respectively. We then examine the utility of online app interaction time as a passively collectible and scalable performance indicator. We show that app interaction time is correlated with the performance of the athletes, but not the salespeople. To support that our app-based performance indicator captures meaningful variation in psychomotor function and is robust against potential confounds, we conducted a second study to evaluate the relationship between sleep behavior and app interaction time in a cohort of 274 participants. Using a generalized additive model to control for per-participant random effects, we demonstrate that participants who lost one hour of daily sleep for a week exhibited 5.0% slower app interaction times. We also find that app interaction time exhibits meaningful chronobiologically consistent correlations with sleep history, time awake, and circadian rhythms. Our findings reveal an opportunity for online app developers to generate new insights regarding cognition and productivity.

中文翻译：

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在线移动应用的使用情况可作为睡眠行为和工作绩效的指标

睡眠对人体功能，记忆力，情绪，精力和机敏性等中介因素至关重要。因此，通常认为，睡个好觉对工作绩效很重要。但是，现实世界中的睡眠行为和工作绩效都难以大规模衡量。在这项工作中，我们证明了人们与在线移动应用程序的日常交互可以揭示他们在现实环境中的工作表现的见解。我们提供了一项观察性研究，其中我们使用床垫传感器和在线移动应用程序客观地跟踪了销售人员（N = 15）和运动员（N = 19）18个月的睡眠行为和工作表现。我们首先证明累积的睡眠量度与工作绩效指标相关，表明一周一个小时的每日睡眠减少与9.0％和9有关。销售人员和运动员的绩效分别降低5％。然后，我们将在线应用程序交互时间的实用性作为被动收集和可扩展的性能指标进行了研究。我们证明了应用互动时间与运动员的表现相关，而与销售人员无关。为了支持我们基于应用程序的性能指标能够捕捉到精神运动功能的有意义的变化并且对潜在的混杂因素具有鲁棒性，我们进行了第二项研究，以评估274名参与者中睡眠行为与应用程序交互时间之间的关系。使用广义的加性模型控制每个参与者的随机影响，我们证明了每天失去一小时的一周睡眠时间的参与者展示了5.0％的较慢的应用程序交互时间。我们还发现，应用互动时间与睡眠历史，清醒时间和昼夜节律之间具有有意义的时间生物学一致性。我们的发现为在线应用程序开发人员提供了一个有关认知和生产力的新见解的机会。