Abstract

Aquaculture now produces more seafood than wild capture fisheries and this production is expected to at least double by 2050. Representing almost half of global production, marine aquaculture will contribute to sustainably feeding the growing humanity. However, climate change will undoubtedly challenge the future growth of marine aquaculture. Temperature and sea-level rise, shifts in precipitation, freshening from glacier melt, changing ocean productivity, and circulation patterns, increasing occurrence of extreme climatic events, eutrophication, and ocean acidification are all stressors that will influence marine aquaculture. The objective of this themed article set was to bring together contributions on the broad theme of the potential impacts, adaptation, and mitigation strategies of marine aquaculture to climate change. Here we present 14 papers covering a diverse set of approaches including experimentation, modelling, meta-analysis and review, and disciplines like biology, ecology, economics, and engineering. These articles focus on the impacts of climate change-related stressors on the aquaculture potential itself and on the resulting ecological interactions (e.g. parasitism and predation), on phenotypic plasticity and adaptation potential of species, and on measures to mitigate the effects of climate change on aquaculture and vice versa. Considering this, adaptation of the aquaculture sector relies on anticipating the biogeographical changes in the distribution of species, determining their potential for adaptation and selective breeding for resistance or tolerance to climate-induced stressors, and fostering ecosystem resilience by means of conservation, restoration, or remediation. By will or by force, aquaculture will contribute to the low carbon economy of tomorrow. Aquaculture must move towards a new paradigm where the carbon footprint and the analysis of the life cycle of products are at least as important as economic profitability.

中文翻译：

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未来是现在：人类世的海洋水产养殖

摘要

与野生捕捞渔业相比，水产养殖目前生产的海产数量更多，预计到2050年，这种产量将至少增加一倍。海洋水产养殖业占全球产量的近一半，将为可持续地养活不断增长的人类做出贡献。但是，气候变化无疑将挑战海洋水产养殖的未来增长。温度和海平面的上升，降水的变化，冰川融化带来的新鲜度，海洋生产力的变化以及环流模式，极端气候事件，富营养化和海洋酸化的增加均会影响海洋水产养殖。本主题文章集的目的是集中就海洋水产养殖业对气候变化的潜在影响，适应和减缓战略的广泛主题做出贡献。在这里，我们提出了14篇论文，涵盖了各种方法，包括实验，建模，元分析和评论以及生物学，生态学，经济学和工程学等学科。这些文章侧重于与气候变化有关的压力因素对水产养殖潜力本身的影响，以及由此产生的生态相互作用（例如寄生和捕食），对物种的表型可塑性和适应性潜力，以及减轻气候变化对环境的影响的措施。水产养殖，反之亦然。考虑到这一点，对水产养殖部门的适应取决于对物种分布的生物地理变化的预测，确定其对气候引起的胁迫的抗性或耐受性的适应和选择性育种的潜力，并通过保护来增强生态系统的适应力，恢复或补救。无论是通过意愿还是通过武力，水产养殖将为明天的低碳经济做出贡献。水产养殖必须迈向新的范式，在这种范式中，碳足迹和产品生命周期的分析至少与经济盈利能力同等重要。