In laboratory based x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy, the slow readout speed of conventional CCD cameras can prolong the measuring times by multiple orders of magnitude. Using pulsed sources, e.g., laser-based x-ray sources, the pulse repetition rate often exceeds the frame rate of the CCD camera. We report the use of a scientific CMOS (sCMOS) camera for XAFS spectroscopy with a laser-produced plasma source facilitating measurements at 100 Hz. With this technological improvement, a new class of experiments becomes possible, starting from the time consuming analysis of samples with small absorption to pump-probe investigations. Furthermore, laboratory quick soft x-ray absorption fine structure (QXAFS) measurements with 10 ms time resolution are rendered feasible. We present the characterization of the sCMOS camera concerning noise characteristics and a comparison to conventional CCD camera performance. The feasibility of time resolved QXAFS measurements is shown by analyzing the statistical uncertainty of single shot spectra. Finally, XAFS spectroscopy on a complex sandwich structure with minute amounts of NiO exemplifies the additional merits of fast detectors.

中文翻译：

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使用CMOS技术在100 Hz帧频的软X射线范围内的实验室快速近边缘X射线吸收精细结构光谱学

在基于实验室的X射线吸收精细结构（XAFS）光谱中，常规CCD相机的慢读出速度可以将测量时间延长多个数量级。使用脉冲源，例如基于激光的X射线源，脉冲重复率通常会超过CCD摄像机的帧频。我们报告了使用科学的CMOS（sCMOS）相机进行XAFS光谱分析，并使用激光产生的等离子体源进行了100 Hz的测量。随着这项技术的改进，从耗时的小吸收样品分析到泵浦探针研究，这种新型的实验成为可能。此外，具有10 ms时间分辨率的实验室快速软X射线吸收精细结构（QXAFS）测量变得可行。我们介绍了有关噪声特性的sCMOS相机的特性以及与传统CCD相机性能的比较。通过分析单次发射光谱的统计不确定性，证明了时间分辨QXAFS测量的可行性。最后，在复杂的夹层结构上用少量的NiO进行XAFS光谱分析证明了快速检测器的其他优点。