Particle detectors of the European Space Environment Viewing and Analysis Network (SEVAN) network located on mountain peaks in Aragats (Armenia), Lomnicky Stit (Slovakia), and Musala (Bulgaria) are well suited for the detection of thunderstorm ground enhancements (TGEs). The modulation of charged particle flux by the electric field of the thundercloud results in a sizable change in the count rate of detectors, which measure fluxes of electrons, gamma rays, and high-energy muons. The relation between electric-field strength and changes of particle-flux count rates is nonlinear and depends on many unknown parameters of the atmospheric electric field and meteorological conditions. Nonetheless, employing tremendous TGEs as a manifestation of the strongest electric field in the thundercloud and by measuring fluxes of three species of secondary cosmic rays (electrons, gamma rays, and muons) by SEVAN detectors located at altitudes of approximately 3 km, we study the extreme strength of the atmospheric electric field. With the simulation of propagation of charged particles in a uniform electric field using the corsika code, we estimate the maximum potential difference in the thunderous atmosphere, which can reach approximately 500 MV.

中文翻译：

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大气电场的最大强度

位于阿拉加特（亚美尼亚），洛姆尼克·斯蒂特（斯洛伐克）和穆萨拉（保加利亚）山峰上的欧洲空间环境观察与分析网络（SEVAN）网络的粒子探测器非常适合探测雷暴地面增强（TGE）。雷云电场对带电粒子通量的调制导致检测器计数率发生较大变化，该检测器测量电子，伽马射线和高能μ子的通量。电场强度与颗粒通量计数率变化之间的关系是非线性的，并且取决于大气电场和气象条件的许多未知参数。尽管如此，利用巨大的TGE作为雷云中最强电场的表现，并通过位于约3 km高度的SEVAN探测器测量三种二次宇宙射线（电子，伽马射线和μ子）的通量，我们研究了极限强度大气电场。通过模拟带电粒子在均匀电场中的传播根据科西嘉代码，我们估计了雷暴大气中的最大电势差，可以达到约500 MV。