We introduce and realize demons that follow a customary gambling strategy to stop a nonequilibrium process at stochastic times. We derive second-law-like inequalities for the average work done in the presence of gambling, and universal stopping-time fluctuation relations for classical and quantum nonstationary stochastic processes. We test experimentally our results in a single-electron box, where an electrostatic potential drives the dynamics of individual electrons tunneling into a metallic island. We also discuss the role of coherence in gambling demons measuring quantum jump trajectories.

中文翻译：

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赌博恶魔的热力学

我们引入并实现了遵循常规赌博策略的恶魔，以在随机时间停止非平衡过程。对于存在赌博的平均工作，我们推导了类第二定律的不等式，对于经典和量子非平稳随机过程，我们得出了普遍的停止时间波动关系。我们在单电子盒中进行实验测试，结果中的静电势驱动单个电子隧穿到金属岛中的动力学。我们还将讨论相干性在赌博魔鬼测量量子跳跃轨迹中的作用。